December 11, 2020 Amsterdam, The Netherland 7 . SECTION ІV. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ECOLOGY DOI 10.36074/11.12.2020.v3.01 INPUT OF UNINTENTIONALLY PRODUCED PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER BODIES WITH SAWAGE WATERS OF ODESSA INDUSTRIAL-AND-URBAN AGGLOMERATION ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6667-2457 Vladyslav Mykhailenko PhD student of Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Odessa State Environmental University SCIENTIFIC ADVISER: ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0928-5121 Tamerlan Safranov Dr. Sc. (Geology), Professor, Head of Ecology and Environmental Protection Department Odessa State Environmental University UKRAINE In [1] we demonstrated the relevance of the issue of marine pollution of the North-Western part of the Black Sea by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), in particular – produced unintentionally. А significant contribution to marine pollution is made by the Odessa Industrial-And-Urban Agglomeration (IUA). Today the Odessa IUA is the largest agglomeration located on the Black Sea coast and includes Odessa, Chornomorsk, Yuzhne, Teplodar and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. One of the main sources of input of POPs in the marine environment is the sewage waters discharge, so we considered the input of these substances into the marine environment with the sewage waters discharge by Odessa IUA. Sewage waters discharge, which are formed in the household sector and at industrial facilities, is treated at the city sewerage system. According to [2], sewage waters – untreated and treated at active sludge plant, are a source of constant input of unintentionally produced POPs in the environment. In all cities of the Odessa IUA, waste waters are treated at active sludge plant. During the sewage water treatment at the active sludge plant, the formation of new POPs does not occur, but the existing POPs are redistributed between the sewage waters and waste activated sludge. Therefore, an important source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in the environment is also waste activated sludge, which does not enter directly into the water body, but accumulates significant concentrations of POPs from sewage waters. Sewage waters discharge into open water is the practice of discharging untreated sewage waters or other waste directly into open water bodies – rivers, lakes and oceans. The sources of PCDD/F in this case are the same as in sewage waters. That is, due to the lack of a sufficient sewage waters treatment, PCDD/F input the water body as a part of the sewage waters in full. Using data [2, 3], we calculated the annual volumes of POPs inflows into the marine environment with sewage waters discharge in Odessa IUA (on the example of data for 2014), the results of the calculation are shown in table 1. 8 Specialized and multidisciplinary scientific researches Volume 3 . Table 1 Input of POPs during sewage water (SW) discharge in the Odessa Industrial- And-Urban Agglomeration Volume Input, Input, Volume Input, Input, EF, pg EF, pg of SW, g TEQ g TEQ of SW, g TEQ g TEQ TEQ/dm3 TEQ/dm3 City mil m3 PCDD PCDF mil m3 PCDD PCDF Treated SW Untreated SW Odessa 90.6 10 0.906 0.091 32.9 5 0.1645 0.0164 Bilhorod- 0.0 10 0 0 1.5 5 0.0075 0.0008 Dnistrovskyi Chornomorsk 4.1 10 0.041 0.004 0 5 0 0 Teplodar 0.0 10 0 0 0.4 5 0.002 0.0002 Yuzhne 1.2 10 0.012 0.001 0 5 0 0 Odessa IUA 95.9 10 0.959 0.096 34.8 5 0.174 0.0174 An important component is the calculation of the POPs concentration in waste activated sludge. First, this information is needed to select treatment measures for waste activated sludge. Secondly, the concentration of these substances in waste activated sludge after sewage water treatment at the active sludge plant shows what amount of these substances into the water body was prevented. The volume of waste activated sludge is 1% of the volume of sewage water [4], and the moisture content of waste activated sludge is 99.3% [5]. Therefore, we calculated the dry mass of waste activated sludge and the content of PCDD/F in waste activated sludge, which produced as a result of sewage water treatment in Odessa agglomeration, the results are shown in table 2. The results of the calculations show that the redistribution of waste activated sludge in sewage waters of the Odessa IUA is: 42% remain in the sewage waters and input in the water bodies, and 58% remain in the waste activated sludge. Therefore, an important step is to assess the contamination of waste activated sludge by POPs. Waste activated sludge is allocated on sludge banks, and then becomes the main part of the soil cover. We compared the concentration of POPs in waste activated sludge with maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for soils (Table 2). Table 2 Accumulation of POPs in waste activated sludge during sewage waters treatment at active sludge plant in Industrial-And-Urban Agglomeration POPs POPs Volume Dry EF, mass, mass, MAC, 푀퐴퐶(푃푂푃푠) City of SW, mass of µ푔 푇퐸푄 g TEQ g TEQ ng/kg С(푃푂푃푠) mil m3 WAS, t 푡 (푊퐴푆) PCDD PCDF Odessa 90.6 6348.34 200 1.270 0.127 0.33 606 Bilhorod- 0 0 200 0 0 0.33 0 Dnistrovskyi Chornomorsk 4.1 287.29 200 0.057 0.006 0.33 606 Teplodar 0 0 200 0 0 0.33 0 Yuzhne 1.2 84.08 200 0.017 0.002 0.33 606 Odessa IUA 95.9 6719.71 200 1.344 0.013 0.33 606 The obtained results show that the concentration of POPs in waste activated sludge exceeds the allowable 606 times in all cases. Thus, the treatment of sewage waters from POPs in active sludge plant has the following main disadvantages: 1) such cleaning of sewage waters does not provide complete POPs removal; 2) as a December 11, 2020 Amsterdam, The Netherland 9 . result of cleaning, waste activated sludge is formed, which contains extremely high concentrations of these substances. Moreover, the calculation was performed for the annual accumulation of POPs in waste activated sludge, but, taking into account the specific properties of these substances, the accumulated concentration of POPs on sludge banks can be much higher. This confirms the need to take measures for the proper utilization of waste activated sludge and the implementation of new sewage waters treatment technologies in the Odessa IUA, which are able to ensure effective sewage waters treatment of POPs. References: [1] Denga, Yu., Mykhailenko, V., Oleynik, Y. & Safranov, T. (2020). Peculiarities of pollution by some Persistent Organic Pollutants of the marine environment of the northwestern part of the Black Sea. Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Series «Еcоlogy» (23), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.26565/1992- 4259-2020-23-01 (In Ukraine) [2] Guidelines for the identification and quantification of dioxins and furans. Geneva, 2013. 314 p. (In Ukraine) [3] Statistical Yearbook of Odessa region for 2014. Odessa, 2015. URL: http://www.od.ukrstat.gov.ua/ [4] Collection of specific indicators of waste generation and consumption // State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection. Moscow, 1999. 65 p. (In Russian) [5] Nikolaenko, E.V. (Ed.). (2006) Design of sewage treatment plants; Textbook. Chelyabinsk: YuUrGU. (In Russian) .