j689 Index a acute/chronic pulmonary Acanthamoeba castellanii 152 histoplasmosis 567 acid-fast staining 327 ACV trafficking 248 acquired immune deficiency syndrome adaptive immune system 217 (AIDS) 330, 329, 357 – antigen processing 225–230 acquired/secondary mutualistic – B cells, antibodies and immunity endosymbionts 553–554 224–225 þ actin-associated proteins 131 – CD4 TH1 217–220 actin-based motility system 440, 435 – cells of 217–225 þ – process 435 – cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes 221–222 actin-binding proteins (ABPs) 126, 127 – natural killer T lymphocytes 222–223 – coronin 337 – regulatory T cells 223–224 – filamin 130 – T cell receptors 225 – SipA 379 – ab T cells 217 actin cytoskeleton 126, 135 – gd TCRT lymphocytes 222 – background 126 – TH2 lymphocytes 217–220 – – – disruption 135 TH17 lymphocytes 220 221 actin-dependent process 132 adaptive virulence mechanisms 27 – phagocytosis 289 adenylate kinase 133 actin depolymerization factor (ADF) 127 ADP-actin 129 actin filament 129 ADP-Pi-bound monomers 126 actin interactions 128 ADP-ribosylation factor 1(Arf1) 71 – binding 128 ADP transporter 133 – nucleation 128 Aerobacter aerogenes 21 actin monomers 127 Afipia felis 237, 239, 240, 242, 248, see also cat actin nucleation assay, schematic scratch disease presentation 130 – containing phagosome 240, 241, 242, 249, actin polymerization process 116, 129, 243, 251 247 – immunology 251–252 – inhibitor 399 – intracellular bacterium 239 – machinery, lipophosphoglycan (LPG)- – intracellular fate determination 246–248 mediated retention 590 – low-efficiency uptake pathway 242–243 actin-recruiting protein 277 – macrophages 246 actin-remodeling proteins 118 – uptake/intracellular compartmentation actin-rich bacteria-containing membrane, model 240, 248 formation 402 Agrobacterium tumefaciens 311, 575 actin system 126 – Cre recombinase reporter assay 311 Intracellular Niches of Microbes. Edited by Ulrich E. Schaible and Albert Haas Copyright Ó 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-32207-7 690j Index – mediated transformation, ankyrin-repeat 305, 404, 557 characterization 575 – containing protein 305 AIDS see acquired immune deficiency anthrax toxin 179 syndrome antiapoptotic pathways 623 Akt autophosphorylation 663 – c-FLIP 619 algal symbionts 537 – c-IAP1 619 – endosymbionts 537, 542 – c-IAP2 619 algae/plant symbiosis 527, 542–543 – chromosome-linked IAP 619 – endosymbiosis 538 – proteins 619 amastigotes 584–585 antibacterial peptides 342 Amblyomma maculatum 470 antibiotics 200 amino acid biosynthetic pathways 154 antibodies 366 amitochondrial organisms 7 – maternal 366 – Entamoeba 7 – role 366 – Giardia 7 antigen discovery techniques 147 – Microsporidia 7 – antigen microarrays 147 amoeba-associated bacteria 239 – immunoblotting/autodisplay 147 Amoeba proteus 14 antigen-enzyme complex 101 amoeboid cells 125 antigenic protein, VapA 362 Anaplasma phagocytophilum 301, 303, antigen-presenting cells 210, 211, 217, 579 304, 306 – MHC molecules 217 – acidic markers 305 antigen processing 225 – annexins 309 – antibody generating 225 – autophagosome markers 308 – B cells 225 – cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate – CD1-mediated antigen presentation receptor 308 226–227 – caveolae/lipid raft 303 – cross-presentation 227–228 – clathrin 309 – granuloma formation 228–229 – endosomal markers 306 – immunological memory 229–230 – genomes 310 – vaccination 229–230 – golgi-plasma membrane pathway 307 anti-inflammatory cytokines, transforming – GPI-anchored proteins 303 growth factor 223 – host cell compartmentalization, antimicrobial drugs 191 characterization 302 antimicrobial peptide (AMP) 332 – host intracellular compartments 303 – cathelizidin LL37 332 – inclusions 307 – defensin 332 – lysosomal membrane markers 305 – hepcidin 346 – membrane-bound inclusions 302 antioxidant enzyme systems 477 – myeloperoxidase localization 305 antituberculosis vaccines 229 – NADPH oxidase components 309 apical complex, compartments, role 597 – phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) 310 Apicomplexa parasite 597, 613, 636 – phospholipase Cg2 (PLCg2) activation 304 – Babesia 597 – proliferation 304 – protozoa 152, 153, 597 – protein tyrosine phosphorylation 304 apoptosis 347, 348, 619, 621 – replicative inclusions 303, 304 – apoptotic cell 37, 39, 42, 51, 163 – rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi – death receptor-induced 619, 621 pathway 307 – Fas-induced 619 – transcytosis process 304 – pathways 556 – vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 Arabidopsis 18, 29 (VAMP2) 309 – genome 29 – Western blotting 310 – model 18 annexin 1 348 arabinose assimilation operon 399 – N-terminal domain 348 ATP accumulation 133 – proteolysis 348 AT-hook proteins 624 Index j691 ATP/ADP translocases, energy exchange 476 bacterial cell wall protein, internalin 437 ATPase inhibitor 420 bacterial effector proteins 373 ATP-binding transmembrane receptor 133 bacterial endosymbiont 154, 531 ATP depletion actin 134 – Buchnera aphidicola 154 attenuated strains 257 bacterial lumazine synthase 266 autoimmune diseases 330 bacteriomes 183, 184 – antibody infliximab treatment 330 – symbionts 183 – rheumatoid arthritis 330 bacteriophages 27 autophagocytic process 290, 496 bacteriostatic/cidal elements 291 – interactions 290 Bartonella-containing vacuole 241, 249 – marker 290 Bcl-2-like proteins 294 autophagosomes 15, 216 Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 7 autophagy 216, 308, 450 BimA cells 403, 404 – Atg6 308 – protein-protein interactions 403, 404 – Atg8 308 – transient expression 403 – markers LC3 450 blood-brain barrier 433 – pathway, Atg5-dependent conjugation bloodstream trypomastigotes, acidified systems 643 medium 662 – types of 216 bone marrow-derived macrophages avidin-biotin binding system 99 (BMDMs) 120, 405, 579 avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 100 Bradyrhizobium strains 515 Brill–Zinsser disease 471 b Brucella 258, 266 Babesia species 597 – DC activation inhibition 267 – Babesia divergens 597 – intra-host cell compartmentation 258–262 – Babesia gibsoni 597 – role of proinflammatory cytokines – Babesia microti 597 267–268 – binary fission 598 – role of VirB 268 – erythrocytic stages 601 – stealth 266 – genome 607 Brucella BvrS/BvrR system 263 – host cell invasion 601 Brucella-containing phagosome 247, 259, 260 – host cell modification 602 – schematic view 260 – infected cells 603 Brucella Tir-protein 267 – intra-host compartmentation Brucella virulence factors, schematic characterization, relationship to representation 264 virulence 600 Brucellosis, see Malta fever – morphological description 600–601 Brugia malayi, pathogenic filarial nematode 8 – nutritional aspects 604 Burkholderia pseudomallei 150, 210, 495 – parasite cell biology/genomics to drug – actin-based motility 401–404 targets 607 – adherence 396 – apicoplast 607 – cell contact 396 – food vacuole 608 – cell fusion 404 – novel permeation pathways 608 – cellular mechanisms 407 – relationship to virulence 603 – endosome escape 400 – transmitting agents 597 – flagellin 397 – virulence factors 606 – genes transcription, microarray babesiosis, symptoms 600 analysis 405 bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine 328, – genome sequences 395, 396, 400 345 – genome structure 395 – attenuation, genomic regions of difference – host cell interactions 394, 406 (RD) deletion 328 – immunology 406 bacilli transcriptome analysis 345 – induced actin tails, confocal Bacillus anthracis 198, 208 micrographs 402 bacterial camouflage 264 – induced MNGC formation 400 692j Index – infected HeLa cells, scanning electron – Drosophila phagocytes, infection of 73–74 microscopy 398 – Legionella-containing phagosome 68, 69 – intracellular life 394–395 – Legionella-directed phagosome biogenesis – intracellular replication 405 70–72 – invasion 398 – phagocytic host cells 65 – median lethal dose 395 cellular nucleation-promoting factors, – polysaccharide biosynthesis gene Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) clusters 397 family 402 – T3SS-associated gene clusters 399 cellular trafficking 263, 265 Burkholdria thailandensis, virulence-associated central nervous system (CNS) 433 loci 396 Chagas disease 655 – clinical stages 655 c – digestive megasyndromes 655 calcium binding protein 574 – drugs, treatment of 656 calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase 296 – meningoencephalitis 655 Camponotus floridanus 548 chaperonin-containing T complex 117 capsular polysaccharides, rhizobial 516 chemical mediators 38 – carboxysomal CO2-concentrating mechanism chemokines 38 (CCM) 532 – cytokines 38 cardiomyopathy, see Meningoencephalitis chemokine receptor 335 casein kinase II enzyme (CK2) 623 – CCR7 335 catalase-peroxidase 407 – DCs 335 cationic bactericidal peptides 263 chemotherapeutics 331 – defensin-like antibiotic polymyxin B 263 – isoniazide 331 – lactoferrin 263 – streptomycin 331 – lysozyme 263 chicken embryo fibroblast, transmission cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate electron micrograph of 470 receptor 308 Chlamydia-containing vacuole 4, 84, 85 cat scratch disease 237, 238, 239 Chlamydia-derived branched-chain fatty – bacterium 237 acid 275 – self-limiting lymphadenopathy 237 Chlamydia pneumoniae 198 caveolar trafficking system 304 Chlamydia trachomatis 25, 151, 273, 276, 279, CCM see carboxysomal CO2-concentrating 282 mechanism – developmental cycle 274 þ CD8 T cell 282 – inclusion 273, 274, 279, 281 cell cycle 398 – characterization 273–275 – regulatory proteins 557, 672 – immunology 281–282 retinoblastoma protein 672 – infections 276, 279 – target gene 620 – recombination types 25 cell death, caspase-independent type 348 – vegetative/replicative stages 151 cell-free