UK National report (WP 2 - Deliverable 2.2) Pictures: Inshore fishing boats, Cornwall & Dairy cow, Somerset Authors: Damian MAYE, James KIRWAN, Mauro VIGANI, Dilshaad BUNDHOO and Hannah CHISWELL Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, UK April 2018 H2020-SFS-2014-2 SUFISA This project has received funds from the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 635577. Responsibility for the information and views set out in this report lies entirely with the authors. 1 UK National report Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 12 1 Introduction and methods ........................................................................... 40 2 Media Content Analysis ............................................................................... 42 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 42 2.2 The predominance of price volatility in media discourses about UK agriculture .... 42 2.3 Inshore fisheries ...................................................................................................... 43 2.4 The dairy sector ....................................................................................................... 46 3 Brexit and the UK agri-food sector ................................................................ 50 3.1 Brexit: introduction ................................................................................................. 50 3.2 Brexit: fisheries, including inshore fisheries ............................................................ 53 3.2.1 Fisheries management .................................................................................... 54 3.2.1.1 Control over a greater area of sea .............................................................. 55 3.2.1.2 Renegotiating the UK's share of fish quotas ............................................... 55 3.2.1.3 A new UK fisheries policy and management system .................................. 56 3.2.2 Funding............................................................................................................ 56 3.2.3 Market organisation ........................................................................................ 56 3.2.4 Interaction with EU environmental laws ........................................................ 57 3.2.5 In conclusion ................................................................................................... 57 3.3 Brexit: dairy farming ............................................................................................... 58 4 UK Case Study A: Inshore fishing sector, Cornwall, England ........................... 59 4.1 Case study introduction and context ....................................................................... 59 4.1.1 Fishing in the UK ............................................................................................. 59 4.1.2 An introduction to Cornwall............................................................................ 62 4.1.2.1 Inshore fishing in Cornwall .......................................................................... 65 4.2 Policy and regulatory conditions ............................................................................. 67 4.2.1 Introduction to the Common Fisheries Policy ................................................ 67 4.2.2 Common Fisheries Policy ................................................................................ 67 4.2.2.1 Total Allowable Catches and quota ............................................................ 69 4.2.2.2 Protecting local quota ................................................................................. 72 4.2.2.3 Latent capacity ............................................................................................ 74 4.2.2.4 Discards and landing obligation .................................................................. 75 4.2.2.5 Funding initiatives: European Fisheries Fund - FLAGs ................................ 77 4.2.2.6 Acknowledging the ‘social’ within policy and regulation ............................ 79 4.2.3 Finance ............................................................................................................ 80 4.2.4 Recruitment and succession ........................................................................... 81 4.2.5 Fisheries management and marine conservation ........................................... 82 4.2.5.1 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management ......................................... 86 4.2.5.2 The National Lobster Hatchery ................................................................... 86 4.2.5.3 The ‘Living Seas’ conservation programme ................................................ 87 4.3 Market conditions ................................................................................................... 88 4.3.1 Access to markets ........................................................................................... 89 2 4.3.1.1 The South West Handline Fishermen's Association (SWHFA) .................... 93 4.3.1.2 Cornwall Good Seafood Guide .................................................................... 94 4.3.1.3 The Cornish Fishmonger ............................................................................. 95 4.3.2 The processing sector and its role in the market for fish ............................... 95 4.3.3 Public and private seafood standards ............................................................. 96 4.3.4 Sustainable seafood and certification ............................................................. 98 4.3.4.1 The Marine Stewardship Council seafood eco-label ................................... 99 4.3.4.2 The Responsible Fishing Scheme .............................................................. 100 4.3.4.3 Cornish Sardine Management Association (CSMA) .................................. 101 4.3.5 Community supported fishing programmes ................................................. 102 4.4 Key CSP identified in the literature, media and interviews ................................... 104 4.4.1 SWOT analysis ............................................................................................... 104 4.4.2 Policy and regulatory conditions ................................................................... 104 4.4.3 Recruitment and succession ......................................................................... 105 4.4.4 Finance .......................................................................................................... 106 4.4.5 Market conditions ......................................................................................... 106 4.4.6 Environmental issues .................................................................................... 107 4.4.7 Tensions between the inshore and offshore fishing fleets ........................... 107 4.4.8 The sustainability of inshore fishing in Cornwall .......................................... 107 4.5 Understanding the potential for resilience ........................................................... 108 4.6 Cornwall inshore fishing sector - focus groups and workshop .............................. 110 4.6.1 Reasons for going fishing .............................................................................. 112 4.6.2 What is distinctive about inshore fishing ...................................................... 112 4.6.2.1 Highly localised.......................................................................................... 112 4.6.2.2 Scale of operation ..................................................................................... 113 4.6.2.3 Ecologically sustainable............................................................................. 113 4.6.2.4 The need for re-categorisation ................................................................. 114 4.6.3 Markets and marketing ................................................................................. 115 4.6.3.1 Certification and sustainability ................................................................. 116 4.6.3.2 Cooperation between fishers .................................................................... 117 4.6.3.3 Entrepreneurship and adding value .......................................................... 118 4.6.4 Quota ............................................................................................................ 120 4.6.4.1 Access to quota ......................................................................................... 120 4.6.4.2 The monetisation of licences and quota ................................................... 121 4.6.4.3 Track record and latent quota capping ..................................................... 122 4.6.5 Policy and management ................................................................................ 123 4.6.5.1 Financial support for inshore fishers ........................................................ 123 4.6.5.2 Marine protected areas ............................................................................ 124 4.6.5.3 Bureaucratic scepticism ............................................................................ 124 4.6.5.4 Representation of inshore fishers ............................................................. 126 4.6.6 Resilience, succession and the future ..........................................................