ARISTOXENUS OF TARENTUM Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities Series Editor: David C. Mirhady Advisory Board: William W. Fortenbaugh Dimitri Gutas Pamela M. Huby Timothy C. Powers Eckart Schütrumpf On Stoic and Peripatetic Ethics: The Work of Arius Didymus I Theophrastus of Eresus: On His Life and Work II Theophrastean Studies: On Natural Science, Physics and Metaphysics, Ethics, Religion and Rhetoric III Cicero’s Knowledge of the Peripatos IV 7KHRSKUDVWXV+LV3V\FKRORJLFDO'R[RJUDSKLFDODQG6FLHQWLÀF Writings V Peripatetic Rhetoric after Aristotle VI The Passionate Intellect: Essays on the Transformation of Classical Traditions presented to Professor I.G. Kidd VII Theophrastus: Reappraising the Sources VIII Demetrius of Phalerum: Text, Translation and Discussion IX Dicaearchus of Messana: Text, Translation and Discussion X Eudemus of Rhodes XI Lyco of Troas and Hieronymus of Rhodes XII Aristo of Ceos: Text, Translation and Discussion XIII Heraclides of Pontus: Text and Translation XIV Heraclides of Pontus: Discussion XV Strato of Lampsacus: Text, Translation and Discussion XVI ARISTO XENUS OF TARENTUM DISCUSSION RUTGERS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN CLASSICAL HUMANITIES VOLUMEXVU EDITED BY eARL A. HUFFMAN First published 2012 by Transaction Publishers Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2012 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2011032779 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aristoxenus of Tarentum : discussion / edited by Carl A. Huffman. p. cm. -- (Rutgers University studies in classical humanities ; v. 17) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-1-4128-4301-0 1. Aristoxenus. 2. Musicologists--Greece. 3. Biographers-- Greece. 4. Philosophers--Greece. I. Huffman, Carl A. PA3934.A5A75 2012 185--dc23 2011032779 ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-4301-0 (hbk) Contents Preface vii Contributors ix Remembering Robert William Sharples xiii 1 Did Aristoxenus Write Musical History? 1 Andrew Barker 2 Instruments and Empiricism in Aristoxenus’ Elementa Harmonica 29 David Creese 3 Aristoxenus and Musical ĎWKRV 65 Eleonora Rocconi 4 Aristoxenus and Music Therapy: Fr. 26 Wehrli within the Tradition on Music and Catharsis 91 Antonietta Provenza 5 Aristoxenus and the “Neoclassicists” 129 Timothy Power v vi Contents 6 Apollonius on Theophrastus on Aristoxenus 155 William W. Fortenbaugh 7 Aristoxenus’ Biographical Method 177 Stefan Schorn 8 Aristoxenus and the Pythagoreans 223 Leonid Zhmud 9 Aristoxenus’ Life of Socrates 251 Carl Huffman 10 Aristoxenus’ Life of Plato 283 John Dillon 11 Aristoxenus and the Early Academy 297 Andrew Barker Frequently Used Abbreviations 325 Works Cited 327 Index of Ancient Sources 351 General Index 371 Preface This is volume XVII in the RUSCH series. The first volumes in the series focused on Aristotle’s successor Theophrastus. Starting with volume IX the focus switched to other members of what Fritz Wehrli called The School of Aristotle. Volumes IX–XVI dealt with Demetrius of Phalerum, Dicaearchus of Messana, Eudemus of Rhodes, Lyco of Troas, Hieronymus of Rhodes, Aristo of Ceos, Heraclides of Pontus and Strato of Lampsacus. The present volume XVII is devoted to essays discussing Aristoxenus of Tarentum, whom the Suda reports was bitterly disappointed to have been passed over as Aristotle’s suc- cessor in favor of Theophrastus. Aristoxenus was most famous in antiquity as a music theorist, and the first six essays in the present volume focus on that aspect of his work. Aristoxenus, however, had a vast output, some 453 volumes according to the Suda, and he was also very famous in antiquity as a biographer. Chapters 7–10 are devoted to Aristoxenus’ work as a biographer. Finally, chapter 11 deals with Aris- toxenus’ philosophy of music in the context of the early Academy. The volume makes no attempt to cover all aspects of Aristoxenus’ work and instead addresses the two areas for which he was most famous, vii viii Preface music theory and biography. While there has been much good schol- arship in the former area in recent years, to which the present essays contribute, the latter area has been relatively neglected and the pres- ent volume serves in part to remedy that neglect. Unlike some other volumes in the RUSCH series there is no new edition of the fragments of Aristoxenus with translations included here. I am in the process of carrying out such an edition, which will appear in due course. All of the chapters in this volume, except chapter 1, were origi- nally presented at a conference held at DePauw University in Septem- ber 2009. I was responsible for the organization of the conference but benefitted considerably from the advice of Professors William Forten- baugh and David Mirhady. My wife, Professor Martha Rainbolt, provided invaluable assistance both in making many of the practical arrangements for the conference in advance and in making sure that everything went smoothly during the conference itself. I want to thank DePauw University, and in particular the then Academic Vice Presi- dent, Neal Abraham, for providing generous financial support for the conference. I would also like to thank Professor William Fortenbaugh and Project Theophrastus for a grant that covered additional expenses. I would like to thank all the participants in the conference for making it a success and, in particular, Professor Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, who read John Dillon’s paper, when he was not able to attend. All of us were saddened at the passing of Professor Steve Strange, who was to have given a paper on Aristoxenus’ psychology at the conference. He was a great scholar and a dear friend and will be sorely missed. I have been responsible for editing all the papers in the volume but would again like to thank Professors William Fortenbaugh and David Mirhady for valuable advice. Finally, I would like to thank Professor Martha Rainbolt for reading every chapter and catching many errors that I had missed as well as for compiling the bibliography. Any mis- takes that remain are, of course, my own responsibility. Professor Robert Sharples, who was one of the founders of Proj- ect Theophrastus, the project to which these volumes owe their ori- gin, was unable to attend the conference at DePauw and passed away not long afterwards. Professor William Fortenbaugh has provided a remembrance of Professor Sharples below. CAH Contributors Andrew BARKER, Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, Univer- sity of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. andrewqbarker@ hotmail.com¬ David CREESE, School of Historical Studies – Classics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. davidcreese@new- castle.ac.uk John DILLON, School of Classics, Arts Building, Trinity College, Dublin 2, IRELAND. [email protected] William W. FORTENBAUGH, Department of Classics, Rutgers Uni- versity, 131 George Street, New Brunswick NJ 08901, USA. fortenb@ rci.rutgers.edu Carl A. HUFFMAN, Department of Classics, DePauw University, 400 S. Locust St., Greencastle, IN 46135, USA. [email protected] Timothy C. POWER, Department of Classics, Rutgers University, 131 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. tcpower@rci. rutgers.edu ix x Contributors Antonietta PROVENZA, Dipartimento FIERI–AGLAIA (Filosofia, Filologia, Arti, Storia, Critica dei Saperi), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 12, 90128 Palermo, ITALY. antonel- [email protected] Eleonora ROCCONI, Faculty of Musicology, University of Pavia, Corso Garibaldi 178, 26100 Cremona, ITALY. eleonora.rocconi@ unipv.it Stefan SCHORN, Onderzoekseenheid Geschiedenis: Oudheid, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Blijde Inkomststraat 21 – postbus 3307, 3000 Leuven, BELGIUM. [email protected] Leonid ZHMUD, Institute for the History of Science and Technol- RJ\¬ 5XVVLDQ$FDGHP\ RI WKH 6FLHQFHV 8QLYHUVLW\ (PEDQNPHQW 199034 St. Petersburg, RUSSIA. [email protected] Grace and Bob Sharples Remembering Robert William Sharples (1949–2010) William W. Fortenbaugh December 1, 2010 Robert William Sharples, known to his friends as Bob, was a world- class scholar with whom I collaborated for some thirty years. There is much that might be reported — all kinds of professional and personal experiences, some serious, some funny — but in this brief remem- brance my focus, at least at the beginning, will be on Bob’s involvement in three quite special projects. Each concerns Peripatetic philosophy at the close of the classical period and the beginning of the Hellenistic age — an exciting time in the history of ancient philosophy and one which Bob interpreted with extraordinary enthusiasm and insight. The first project is often referred to as Project Theophrastus. Its goal has been to collect, edit, translate and comment on the fragments of Theophrastus of Eresus, Aristotle’s pupil and second head of the Peripatetic School. Although several works of Theophrastus survive intact, the vast majority have been lost. We know of them