The emblem is a wonderful invention of the Renais- Learned Love sance. The funny, mysterious, moralizing, learned or pious combinations of word and image in the Learned Love crossover emblematic genre can be characterized as a delicate network of motifs and mottoes. This network served as a receptacle for the traditions of the European visual and literary arts. In its turn it Proceedings of the Emblem Project Utrecht Conference on influenced architecture, painting, love poetry, chil- dren’s books, preaching and interior decoration. Dutch Love Emblems and the Internet (November 2006) Together emblem books and the culture to which they belong form a web of closely interre- lated references. It is surely no coincidence that digitised emblem books are popular items on what may be their modern counterpart: the World Wide Web. In 2003 the Emblem Project Utrecht set out to digitise 25 representative Dutch love emblem books. The love emblem is one of the best known emblem- atic subgenres, first developed in the Low Countries and soon popular all over Europe. To celebrate the completion of the work done by the Emblem Project Utrecht, a conference was held on November 6 and 7, 2006. The focus of this con- ference was twofold: the Dutch love emblem and the process of digitising the emblems. This volume contains the selected papers of this conference, com- plemented by a general introduction and additional papers by the editors. Stronks and Boot DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services) is the national organization in the Netherlands for storing and providing permanent access to research data from the humanities and social sciences. DANS manages existing data archives but also works on further developments of the data infrastructure in new fields. In the course of performing this task, DANS frequently organizes scholarly symposia and conferences about sub- jects related to data preservation, access and in- frastructure. Reports of these and other impor- tant meetings in the field are published in the series DANS Symposium Publications. Edited by Els Stronks and Peter Boot DANS DANS Symposium Publications 1 Learned Love ARCHIVEREN VAN DIGITAAL ACADEMISCH ERFGOED ii ARCHIVEREN VAN DIGITAAL ACADEMISCH ERFGOED Learned Love Proceedngs of the Emblem Project Utrecht Conference on Dutch Love Emblems and the Internet (November 2006) Edted by Els Stronks and Peter Boot, asssted by Dagmar Stebral DANS Symposum Publcatons 1 The Hague, 2007 ARCHIVEREN VAN DIGITAAL ACADEMISCH ERFGOED iii 2007 DANS © Some rights reserved. Usage and distribution of this work is defined in the Creative Commons Attri- bution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.5 Netherlands License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/nl/. Published by DANS – Data Archiving and Networked Services PO Box 93067 2509 AB The Hague T 00 31 (0)70 3494450 F 00 31 (0)70 3494451 [email protected] www.dans.knaw.nl Isbn 978-90-6984-510-4 Available as pdf at http://emblems.let.uu.nl/learnedlove Typesetting and design: Ellen Bouma The paper in this publication meets the requirements of the ∞ ISO-standard 9706 (1994) for permanence. The publication of this book was made possible by the generous grants of: NWO (Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research) K.F. Hein Fonds Research Institute for History and Culture (OGC) (Utrecht University) Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS-KNAW) Huygens Institute (KNAW) Illustration cover: Emblem no. 20 from Daniel Heinsius, ‘Ambacht van Cupido’, in: Nederduytsche poemata. Amsterdam 1616 (EPU site). v ARCHIVEREN VAN DIGITAAL ACADEMISCH ERFGOED Contents The Dutch love emblem on the Internet: an introduction – Els Stronks and Peter Boot 1 Part 1 The Dutch loVE EMbleM Creator of the earliest collection of love emblems? – Alison Saunders 13 Commonplaces of Catholic love – Arnoud Visser 33 Encoding the emblematic tradition of love – Marc van Vaeck 49 Churches as indicators of a larger phenomenon – Els Stronks 73 The Spanish epigramsin Vaenius’s Amoris divini emblemata – Sagrario López Poza 93 Love emblems and a web of intertextuality – Jan Bloemendal 111 The Ambacht van Cupido from 1615 in Wroclaw (Poland) – Stefan Kiedron and Joanna Skubisz 119 Investing in your relationship – Arie Jan Gelderblom 131 The love emblem applied – Peter Boot 143 Part 2 The DIGITIsatIon of the EMbleM The Emblem Project Utrecht as a knowledge site – Els Stronks 151 Traditional editorial standards and the digital edition – Edward Vanhoutte 157 The technical backbone of the Emblem Project Utrecht – Johan Tilstra 175 Digitising Dutch love emblems – Peter M. Daly 183 Setting the emblem schema to work – Thomas Stäcker 201 Mesotext. Framing and exploring annotations – Peter Boot 211 Colour plates v The Dutch love emblem on the Internet: an ntroducton The Dutch love emblem on the Internet: an ntroducton Els Stronks, Utrecht University Peter Boot, Utrecht University/Huygens Institute This volume contains the selected papers of the conference on the Dutch love em- blem and emblem digitisation held in Utrecht, on November 6th and 7th, 2006. On those two days, scholars from multiple disciplines and countries gathered to discuss Dutch love emblems books, their digitisation in the Emblem Project Utrecht, and its connection with other emblem digitisation efforts. The conferen- ce’s title, Learned Love, referred to the motto of emblem 23 in one of those emblem books, first published in 1613: Daniel Heinsius’s Ambacht van Cupido (Trade of Cupid). As it turned out, not only this motto but also the beginning of the sub- scriptio of this emblem 23 proved to be applicable to the conference: ‘He who pos- sesses knowledge, flies over all countries’ (Fig. 1).1 Studying the Dutch love emblem in the context of emblem digitisation requires knowledge from disciplines such as art history, editorial science, information sci- ence, literary studies, theology and history. This volume mirrors the diversity of disciplines. Part I is dedicated to the study of the (digitised) Dutch love emblem; Part II to the study of emblem digitisation. This introduction first discusses the goals of the Emblem Project Utrecht and its results, and then summarizes the spe- cific contributions to the study of the Dutch love emblem and emblem digitisation in this volume. The two goals of the Emblem Project Utrecht In recent years, scholars from all over the world have recognized the value of in- formation technology for the study of the emblematic tradition. Due to the typi- cal constraint of the emblematic genre (best described as a web of citations, imi- tations and adaptations from pictorial as well as textual sources) emblem studies are partly comparative in nature. Before the digital era, emblem studies were un- dertaken with scholarly reprints, and indexes – such as the iconographical index of Arthur Henkel en Albrecht Schöne’s Emblemata. Handbuch zur Sinnbildkunst des XVI. und XVII. Jahrhunderts and Peter Daly’s Index emblematicus. However useful, the reprints and indexes were not as flexible as one might wish. To find -an swers to questions of origin and influence in the literary and pictorial (and some- times musical) motifs and elements of emblems, we need some of the benefits of recent IT-techniques. 1 ‘Die wetenschap besit, vliecht over alle landen’ Els Stronks and Peter Boot 1 Fig. 1: D. Heinsius, ‘Amor eruditus’ [Learned love], emblem 23 of Ambacht van Cupido: in Nederduytsche poemata 1616 (EPU site). In line with these efforts, the Emblem Project Utrecht (EPU) was created in 2002. The Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO) funded it from 2003 to 2006. The project aimed to publish an Internet site with scholarly and searchable editions of Dutch emblem books. Through these editions, the project hoped to stimulate research in the field of the Dutch love emblem as well as to in- vestigate and test the application of recent IT-developments in emblem digitisa- tion. In general, how successful has EPU been in producing an Internet site with advanced digital resources? In November 2006, the EPU launched a site with 26 digital editions of Dutch love emblem books at http://emblems.let.uu.nl. The site includes a bibliography referring to literature relevant to the Dutch love emblem, editorial introductions as well as search indexes, concordances and references to parallels and sources. The editions may be searched through a variety of means. The global search page allows selection by pictorial motifs/elements and other in- dexes. The tables of contents allow selection by motto, concordances allow selec- tion by individual words, and the bibliography cross-references all places in the EPU editions that refer to a given bibliographical item. From the first, unofficial launch of the EPU site in 2003, the number of visitors has been growing regularly, adding up to a total of approximately 145,000 hits in the year 2006. A third of these visitors log in from the Netherlands, a tenth from the United States and Belgium. But it is not only numbers that tell us how widely the EPU site is known. Based on 2 The Dutch love emblem on the Internet: an ntroducton the emails with requests and questions we get on a daily basis, it is clear scholars as well as visitors with other interests and backgrounds are using the EPU site in a fruitful manner. Publications that specifically record their use of the EPU site in- clude Peil 2004 and Peil 2005. As a further indication of the impact of the EPU site, we include in this volume a paper on wall paintings in a French castle, the owner of which contacted us shortly after the conference was over. Searching on the Inter- net, she had found out for herself that Heinsius’s Emblemata amatoria must have been the source for these wall paintings. Needless to say she would probably never have managed to do so if the EPU corpus was not digitised.