TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME XLV 1986 PART II TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME XLV 1986 PART II TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings, 1986 - 335 Hereford in the 1850s, by Clarence E. Attfield - - 347 A Roman Forger at Kenchester, by R. Shoesmith - 371 Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club 1986 The Fief of Alfred of Marlborough in Herefordshire in 1086 and its All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them Descent in the Norman Period, by Bruce Coplestone-Crow - - 376 may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or St. Ethelbert's Hospital, Hereford: Its architecture and setting, in part, should be addressed in the first instance, to the editor whose address is given - 415 in the LIST OF OFFICERS. by David Whitehead The Annunciation and the Lily Crucifixion, by G. W. Kemp - 426 Thomas Charlton, Bishop of Hereford, 1327-1344, by G. W. Hannah - - 442 The Seventeenth Century Iron Forge at Carey Mill, by Elizabeth Taylor - 450 Herefordshire Apothecaries' Tokens and their Issuers, by the late T. D. Whittet - 469 The political organisation of Hereford, 1693-1736, by E. J. Morris 477 Population Movements in 19th Century Herefordshire, by Joan E. Grundy - 488 Two Celtic Heads, by Jean O'Donnell - - 501 Further Addenda to Lepidoptera in Hereford City (1973-82), by B. E. Miles - 502 REPORTS OF SECTIONAL RECORDERS Archaeology, 1986, by R. Shoesmith - 504 Botany, 1986, by P. Thomson using Herefordshire Botanical Society Records 518 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 520 Buildings, 1986, by J. W. Tonkin Page A Roman Forger at Kenchester Geology, 1986, by P. Cross 525 Pl. XXV The Roman forger's piece from Kenchester. Industrial Archaeology, 1986, by C. H. I. Homes - 526 Fig. 1 The forging process 175 Mammals, 1986, by W. H. D. Wince 527 The Fief of Alfred of Marlborough in Herefordshire 528 Ornithology, 1986, by Beryl Harding Fig. 1 The Fief of Alfred of Marlborough in England and Wales in 1086 - 413 City of Hereford, Conservation Area Advisory Committee, 1986, by Joe Hillaby 532 2 The Castlery of Ewyas Harold and the Land of Tiertref 414 Archaeological Research Section, 1986, by M. T. Hemming 540 St. Ethelbert's Hospital, Hereford Pl. XXVI The medieval site of St. Ethelbert's Hospital in Broad Natural History Section, 1986, by Beryl Harding - 541 Street next to the cemetery of the Cathedral. XXVII Part of Taylor's Plan of the City of Hereford (1757) shew- ing the original site of St. Ethelbert's Hospital. XXVIII) Medieval fragments from the demolished XXIX) Chapter House of Hereford Cathedral set in the XXX) south wall of St. Ethelbert's Hospital in XXXI) Castle Street. XXXII St. Ethelbert's Hospital from Castle Street before restora- tion. XXXIII St. Ethelbert's Hospital from Castle Green. The Annunciation and the Lily Crucifixion P1. XXXIV The Annunication. Ruthwell Cross, c. 685. Dumfriesshire. XXXV Annunciation. Boucicaut Master, c. 1400. Florence, Cor- sini Collection, Book of Hours. XXXVI Virgin Mary and Dove, c. 1370. Part of an Annunciation, Hedon Church, South Yorkshire. XXXVII Annunciation, with Virgin Mary and Dove, 14th cent. Freiburg Cathedral, Germany. XXXVIII Annunciation with 'feathered' Gabriel, 15th cent. Hertford College, Oxford. XXXIX Angel of the Annunciation holding Lily Branch, late 14th 6 Occupations of Mayors of Hereford 484 cent. Alstone Church, Gloucs. 7 Members of Hereford's Common Council, 1693-1736 484 XL The Annunciation. Duccio, c. 1311. XLI Bourgeois type. Netherland Historical Narrative Setting, Population in 19th Century Herefordshire Merode Altarpiece, c. 1420-30. Robert Campin. Fig. 1 Lesser Herefordshire, 1801 to 1891- 499 XLII Lily Crucifixion Annunciation, c. 1410. Tong Church, Shropshire, Misericord. 2 Total population change, Lesser Herefordshire, 1801-30 499 3 1841-50) - XLII1 Lily Crucifixion Annunciation, c. 1550. Stained glass win- 500 dow, Queen's College Chapel, Oxford. 4 1851-60) Migrational change in Lesser Herefordshire, 500 XLIV Annunciation on Misericord, c. 1415. Leintwardine, 5 1861-90) olo per decade - 500 Herefordshire. Table 1 Registration Sub-districts which include land outside the XLV Annunciation with Dove and Baby. On end of Rudhall ancient county of Herefordshire. - 488 tomb, 1530. Ross-on-Wye Church, Herefordshire. 2 Index of population change, 1801-1901 - 489 The Seventeenth Century Iron Forge at Carey Mill 3 Percentage population change per decade, 1801-1901 489 Plan Carey Islands and Site of Carey Forge 468 4 Natural and migrational change, 1841-1900 490 Herefordshire Apothecaries' Tokens and their Issuers 5 Estimates of migrational change, 1801-1840 491 Pl. XLVI Token of Ralph Turford 6 Craft employment (per 1000) in Herefordshire, 1851-1901 - 493 7 Herefordshire market towns: population change per 470 Fig. 1 Token of Thomas Mathews - decade, 1841-1901 495 2 Token of William Mathewes - - 471 Two Celtic Heads 3 Token of Thomas Seaborne 473 Pl. XLVII Female head from Yarkhill (front). 4 Token of John Hill of Hereford - 474 XLVIII Female head. 5 Token of John Hill of Ross - - 474 XLXIX Female head (side). Political Organisation of Hereford, 1693-1736 L Male head from Yarkhill (front). Table 1 Years served by councillors - - 481 LI Male head. 2 Time taken to become mayor of Hereford - 482 LII Male head (side). 3 'Foreign' freemen 1724 poll list - - 482 Archaeology, 1986 4 Hereford City Gilds - - 483 Fig. 1 The Hereford Area of Archaeological Importance. 517 5 Annuities from the Company's or Chambers Rents - 483 City of Hereford C.A.A.C. LIST OF OFFICERS P1. LIII East side of 27 and rear of 26 High Town showing how the tilt to the east was arrested by anchoring the jetty laterally 1986-87 to the western wall of 26. Note added brick-filled framing c. 1800. President - Mr. J. G. HILLABY LIV 27 High Town. Early-16th-century linen-fold panelling. President-elect - Mr. G. CHARNOCK Vice-presidents - Mr. C. E. ATTFIELD LV 27 High Town. 17th-century wall painting (detail) on the Mr. J. W. TONKIN exterior of the western wall of 26 High Town which had Mrs. M. TONKIN become the eastern wall of 27 High Town when jetty of lat- Dr. Mrs. A. D. BRIAN ter building was modified. LVI 26 High Town. Plaster ceiling in room at first floor. Central Committee LVII 25/27 St. Owen Street. Ground-floor saloon showing two free-standing classical columns, continuous frieze at Mr. G. CHARNOCK, Mr. C. H. I. HOMES, Mr. R. A. PAGE, Mr. R. C. PERRY (to cornice level and ground-floor windows. retire 1987); Mr. B. BUTCHER, Mrs. B. HARDING, Mr. R. E. KAY, Mrs. J. E. LVIII House to rear of 4 High Town. North facade showing O'DONNELL (to retire 1988); Mrs. V. E. PERRY, Mr. H. J. POWELL, Revd. R. W. blocked four-light mullioned and transomed casement SMITH, Mrs. M. M. VOSS (to retire 1989). window. LIX House to rear of 4 High Town. North facade showing sash replacement window. Hon. Secretary - Mr. J. W. TONKIN Hon. Assistant Secretary Mrs. M. TONKIN LX House to rear of 4 High Town. West side from 4 Hon. Treasurer Mr. D. C. HAMER Widemarsh Street. Hon. Auditor - Mr. H. S. BERISFORD Hon. Librarian - Mr. B. J. WHITEHOUSE Plan 1 Part of Isaac Taylor's 1757 Plan of the City of Hereford, Hon. Assistant Librarian - Mr. J. G. HILLABY showing the building behind 4 High Town. - 538 Hon. Field Secretary - Mr. & Mrs. E. H. WARD (jointly) Hon. Editor - Mr. J. W. TONKIN 2 Part of 50 in. O.S. Plan of Hereford, 1888, showing 26 Hon. Assistant Editor Mr. R. E. KAY (Archaeology) and 27 High Town and building behind 4 High Town. Dotted line represents rear of 26 and 27 High Town as they are now, after demolition earlier in this century of struc- tures to the rear. - - - - 539 SECTIONAL RECORDERS Archaeology Mr. R. SHOESMITH Botany - - Mr. P. THOMSON Buildings Mr. J. W. TONKIN Deserted Medieval Villages - Mrs. R. E. SKELTON Geology - - - - Dr. P. CROSS Industrial Archaeology Mr. C. H. I. HOMES Mammals Dr. W. H. D. WINCE Ornithology Mrs. B. HARDING Address of Address of Address of Proceedings, 1986 Hon. Secretary: Hon. Asst. Secretary: Hon. Editor: Mr. J. W. TONKIN Mrs. M. TONKIN Mr. J. W. TONKIN Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon, SPRING MEETINGS Wigmore Wigmore Wigmore Leominster Leominster Leominster FIRST MEETING: 11 January: Mr. C. E. Att field, president in the chair. HR6 9UD HR6 9UD HR6 9UD Mr. P. Thomson, B.Sc., gave an illustrated talk on 'Plants of Some Herefordshire Habitats.' He said there are about 800 species in the county and that the Botanical Society Articles intended for inclusion in future issues of the Woolhope Club Transactions is mapping these on 2 x 2 km. squares. The results will show where plants grow, distribu- should be submitted to the editor whose address is given under LIST OF OFFICERS. tion patterns and will form a data base for conservation. Mr. Thomson outlined the Notes for Contributors to the Transactions will be sent on request. geology of the county which had both lowland and upland areas and described the variety of habitats and the various plants to be found in them. The habitats included woodland, meadowland, flood meadows, roadsides, riversides, wetlands and mountainous areas. He said that the small-leaved lime is a sign of an old woodland; the bluebell is less common; 95% of the meadowlands have been lost since the second world war and some black poplar is found along riversides.