UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF CONDOM USE AMONG OUT OF SCHOOL ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN AGED 15- 24: A CASE STUDY OF MAJENGO SLUMS, NAIROBI COUNTY BY WAMAITHA JOAN ESTHER C50/83184/2015 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIOLOGY (MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY), OF THEUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DECEMBER 2017 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this research project is my original work and has not been presented for an award of a Degree to any other University. Signature ………………… Date………………………. Wamaitha Joan Esther C50/83184/2015 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as University supervisor. Signature………………. Date…………………………… Mr. Allan Korongo ii DEDICATION I dedicate this Research to my family my Mother Winfred Njogu and Sister Annjudy Wambui for their continuous support and prayers. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My heartfelt appreciation goes to the University Of Nairobi Department Of Sociology and Social Work and the Board of Post Graduate for awarding me a scholarship that made my study possible. I am grateful for this golden opportunity that was granted to me to advance my studies I stand forever thankful. I am sincerely grateful to my Supervisor Mr. Allan Korongo for his unwavering support, time, supervision and counsel he accorded to me in writing and conducting this Research. His professional guidance shaped my understanding. Special appreciation goes to the adolescent girls and young women of Majengo Slums, my research assistants and all those who agreed to take part in this study, they played a critical role in making the findings of this research a success. I am also indebted to my family for their continuous support and prayers throughout my studies for always believing in me and encouraging me even in times of despair. Above all, I thank God Almighty for the strength, good health, patience, resilience and wisdom to successfully begin and complete my studies. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of Study ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem statement ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Justification of study ............................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Scope and limitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Definition of key Terms and Concepts ................................................................................. 6 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Risky sexual behavior among young people ......................................................................... 7 2.3 Knowledge of Condom use ................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Condom use ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Attitudes towards Condom use ........................................................................................... 12 2.6 Perceived barriers to Condom use ....................................................................................... 13 2.7 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 14 2.7.1 Health Belief Model ......................................................................................................... 14 2.7.2 Theory of Reasoned Action.............................................................................................. 15 2.8 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 17 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Site Description ................................................................................................................... 17 3.3. Study Design ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Unit of observation and Units of Analysis .......................................................................... 17 3.5 Target population ................................................................................................................ 17 v 3.6 Inclusion Criteria ................................................................................................................. 17 3.7 Exclusion Criteria ................................................................................................................ 17 3.8 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure ................................................................................. 18 3.8.1 Sample Size .................................................................................................................. 18 3.8.2 Sampling Procedure ...................................................................................................... 18 3.9 Methods of Data Collection ................................................................................................ 19 3.9.1 Collection of quantitative data ...................................................................................... 19 3.9.2 Collection of Qualitative data ....................................................................................... 20 3.9.3 Focus Group Discussions ............................................................................................. 20 3.10 Validity and Reliability ..................................................................................................... 20 3.11 Ethical Considerations....................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION ............ 22 4.0 INTRODUCTION. .............................................................................................................. 22 4.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents ............................................................... 22 4.2 Knowledge related to condoms ............................................................................................... 25 4.2.3 Respondents knowledge on condoms regarding protection/prevention ........................... 26 4.4: Respondents sexual practice and condom use ....................................................................... 32 CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 43 5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........... 43 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 43 5.2.2 Attitude towards condom use ....................................................................................... 44 5.2.3: Risky sexual practices ................................................................................................. 46 5.2.4: Level of condom use ................................................................................................... 47 5.3 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 49 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................... 50 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................