RIVER BASIN CONTROL OFFICE Formulation of In tegrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan (IRBMDMP) for Apayao-Abulug River Basin DDRAFT FFINAL RREPORT VVOLUME IIII MMAIN RREPORT July 2014 Table of Contents Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures...................................................................................................................... ix Annexes ............................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .............................................................. 1-1 1.1 RATIONALE ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE/S.................................................................. 1-2 1.3 THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................ 1-2 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION AND STATE OF THE RIVER BASIN ..................... 2-1 2.1 PHYSICAL CONDITION: CLIMATE, WATER, AND LAND RESOURCES ................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Climate ..................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Water and Land Resources .................................................... 2-1 2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .................................................. 2-2 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ............... 2-3 2.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ............................................................................ 2-4 2.5 COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ....................................... 2-4 2.6 CROSS CUTTING CONCERNS ....................................................... 2-4 2.6.1 Research Development and Extension .................................. 2-4 2.6.2 River Basin Management Information System ....................... 2-5 2.6.3 Capacity Development ............................................................ 2-5 2.6.4 Institutional Development Needs of the AARB ....................... 2-5 CHAPTER 3 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM)-BASED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ........................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 THE STRATEGY ON BASIN DEVELOPMENT ................................ 3-1 3.2 THE STRATEGY ON BASIN MANAGEMENT .................................. 3-2 3.3 FORMULATION OF POLICIES, GOALS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEMATIC AREAS ......................................... 3-2 3.3.1 Water Resources Management and Development ................ 3-3 3.3.2 Watershed Protection/Rehabilitation Management ................ 3-3 3.3.3 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Management .......................................................... 3-4 3.3.4 Coastal, Marine, and Aquatic Resources Management ......... 3-5 CHAPTER 4 THEMATIC-BASED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLANS .................................................................. 4-1 4.1 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ........................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Water Resources Potential of Apayao-Abulug River System ........................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Hydro-Meteorology in the River Basin .................................... 4-3 4.1.3 Streamflow ............................................................................... 4-7 4.1.4 Land Cover ............................................................................ 4-10 4.1.5 Hydrogeology ........................................................................ 4-11 4.1.6 Water Balance ....................................................................... 4-14 4.1.7 Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources .................. 4-18 4.1.8 Inventory of Water Users in Apayao and Cagayan Provinces ............................................................................... 4-26 Main Report i Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin 4.1.9 The Status of Water Resource Utilization in AARB .............. 4-27 4.1.10 Irrigation Development and Agriculture in the River Basin ............................................................................ 4-28 4.1.11 Hydropower Development Potential ..................................... 4-34 4.1.12 Water for Domestic Purposes ............................................... 4-34 4.1.13 Agro-Industrial Development Areas ...................................... 4-35 4.1.14 Eco-tourism Development Areas .......................................... 4-35 4.1.15 Present Problems, Issues, and Concerns in Water Sector .......................................................................... 4-35 4.1.16 Desired Conditions in the River Basin .................................. 4-36 4.1.17 Proposed Water Resources Programs/Projects ................... 4-37 4.1.18 Fund Sourcing ....................................................................... 4-39 4.1.19 Intervention Measures ........................................................... 4-39 4.1.20 Indicative Project Cost........................................................... 4-42 4.1.21 Financing and Implementation Scheme ............................... 4-42 4.1.22 Implementation Scheme and Institutional Responsibilities...................................................................... 4-43 4.1.23 Other programs and projects included in the Urgent (2014-2016), Short Term (2017-2021), and Long Term (2022-2029) Plan Period .................................... 4-45 4.2 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ............................................................................ 4-47 4.2.1 River Basins .......................................................................... 4-47 4.2.2 River System ......................................................................... 4-49 4.2.3 Population and Settlements .................................................. 4-51 4.2.4 Land Use ............................................................................... 4-53 4.2.5 Denuded Forests, Critical Watersheds ................................. 4-56 4.2.6 Susceptibility to Flooding and Landslides ............................. 4-57 4.2.7 Water Quality ......................................................................... 4-62 4.2.8 Geological Features .............................................................. 4-63 4.2.9 Mineral Resources ................................................................ 4-64 4.2.10 Certificates Of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) .................... 4-64 4.2.11 Community-Based Forest Management Projects with CBFMAs ................................................................................ 4-66 4.2.12 National Greening Program (NGP) ....................................... 4-67 4.2.13 Biodiversity and Wildlife ........................................................ 4-68 4.2.14 Addressing Climate Change ................................................. 4-70 4.2.15 Potential Expansion ............................................................... 4-71 4.2.16 Settlements Framework ........................................................ 4-71 4.2.17 Present Problems, Issues, and Concerns ............................ 4-71 4.2.18 Addressing Problems, Issues, and Concerns ....................... 4-72 4.2.19 Prospective Eco-Tourism Project Potential in Watersheds ........................................................................... 4-73 4.2.20 Desired Conditions for the Watershed and Environment Sector ............................................................... 4-75 4.2.21 Proposed Watershed and Environment Programs/Projects ................................................................. 4-75 4.2.22 Fund Sourcing ....................................................................... 4-77 4.3 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 4-78 4.3.1 Climate of Apayao-Abulug River Basin ................................. 4-78 4.3.2 Hydrometeorological Disasters/Hazards .............................. 4-80 4.3.3 Ongoing and Proposed Projects ........................................... 4-91 4.3.4 CCA-DRR Stakeholders, Problem/ Objective Tree, and Strategies ....................................................................... 4-93 Main Report ii Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin 4.3.5 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan ......................................... 4-93 4.4 COASTAL AND AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ........... 4-95 4.4.1 Current Conditions of Coastal and Aquatic Resources and Management ................................................ 4-95 4.4.2 Desired Condition for Wetlands and River Management ........................................................................ 4-102 4.4.3 Problems and Issues ........................................................... 4-103 4.4.4 Proposed Coastal and Aquatic Resources Management Programs and Projects