Palace of Ma’at Originally built by Hatshepsut - 1479 BCE to 1458 BCE Modified by Thutmose III - 1479 BCE to 1425 BCE Other works initiated by Hatshepsut: Obelisks of Festival Hall West Pair, 8th Pylon, Amenhotep I Calcite Chapel, Obelisks at Contra Temple, Obelisks of Wadjet Hall, Wadjet Hall, Red Chapel, Pylon and Festival Court of Thutmose II Other works initiated by Thutmose III: Akhmenu, Contra Temple, Wadjet Hall, 7th Pylon, Thutmose III Shrine, Enclosures and Gates, Sacred Lake, 6th Pylon and Court, 5th Pylon and Court, Obelisks of 7th Pylon, Station of the King and Corridor, Obelisks of Festival Hall Center Pair, Central Bark Shrine, Obelisks of Wadjet Hall, Pylon and Festival Court of Thutmose II, East Exterior Wall Other shrines: Amenhotep I Calcite Chapel, Amenhotep II Shrine, Contra Temple, Osiris Catacombs, Osiris Coptite, Osiris Heqa-Djet, Central Bark Shrine, Ramesses II Eastern Temple, Ramesses III Temple, Red Chapel, Sety II Shrine, Taharqo Kiosk, Thutmose III Shrine, White Chapel, Edifice of Amenhotep II, Chapel of Hakoris, Amenhotep I Limestone Chapel, Station of the King and Corridor Introduction The “palace of Ma’at” served as the central sanctuary of Karnak. It was located within the Thutmoside core of the temple and protected the successive central bark shrines of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Philip Arrhideaus. The rectangular structure was comprised of a series of small rooms with a large central hall for the placement of the central bark. The walls of the palace were covered with carved and brightly painted relief scenes of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Measurements: The palace of Ma’at measures approximately 40m across by 20m deep. Phase: Hatshepsut Hatshepsut erected her palace of Ma’at as part of a series of major renovations Palace of Ma’at in its existing state. Palace of Ma’at to the Amun temple during her reign. The queen tore down a number of structures of Amenhotep I on this location, moving his calcite bark shrine as well. The queen may have dismantled a portico of Osiris statues from the Middle Kingdom temple of Senusret I (possibly located just east of the palace of Ma’at) to connect her new sanctuary to the ancient cult center. At some point, Hatshepsut added a beautiful red quartzite bark shrine, her “red chapel,” to the center of the palace of Ma’at. The addition of this large shrine necessitated the removal of a number of interior walls of the palace. The palace of Ma’at functioned for storage of cult equipment as well as providing an offering place for the divine cult. Construction materials: sandstone About the reconstruction model of this phase The basic form of the palace and its interior layout were modeled on the plans of Carlotti (1995:pls. V-VI); the exterior appearance of the palace was also based on the 3-D model reconstructions of Larché and Burgos Renderings of the Palace of Ma’at (2006). A simple sandstone pattern was added to the model of the as completed during the reign of palace. Hatshepsut. Phase: Thutmose III Thutmose III (late in his sole reign) ordered the desecration of the images of Hatshepsut within the palace. Thutmose III covered a number of her panels of decoration with fresh sandstone blocks, inscribing them with his “Annals,” a list of goods that he donated to the Temple of Amun-Ra. The “Annals” also depict the obelisks he erected before the seventh pylon. As part of the reworking of the palace, the king dismantled the “red chapel” of Hatshepsut and reused one of its black granite doorways in the entrance to the northern suite of rooms. He replaced the “red chapel” with a granite bark shrine of his own (See the webpage Central Bark Shrine for more information on this structure). During this process he designed a new entrance portico for the palace of Ma’at. Construction materials: sandstone, black granite About the reconstruction model of this phase During the Thutmose III phase and after, the black granite doorway taken from the “red chapel” is visible on the door to the northern suite of rooms’ southern jamb. Sullivan 2008, Palace of Ma’at. Digital Karnak. 2 Palace of Ma’at Little information on the size and height of the Thutmose III portico or the renovations of the portico during the reign of Philip Arrhideaus was available. Therefore, the form and appearance of this portico was based on the plans of the temple and the height of the surrounding buildings. The viewer should understand that these are general approximations and do not likely represent the actual size of those features. Bibliography and Sources Used for Model Construction Carlotti, Jean-François (1995), “Mise au Point sur les dimensions et la localisation de la chapelle d’Hatshepsout à Karnak.” Cahiers de Karnak, vol. X, 141-166. Larché, François and Franck Burgos (2006), La chapelle Rouge: le sanctuaire de barque d’Hatshepsout/1: Fac-similés et photographies des scènes. Paris: Recherche sur les civilisations. Further reading El-Hegazy, Sayed (1993), “Le ‘Palais de Mat’ et la ‘Place Favoirte d’Amon’.” Les dossiers d’archaeologieno. 187, 54-63. © 2008 All rights reserved. Sullivan 2008, Palace of Ma’at. Digital Karnak. 3 Regents of the University of California..