COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATION IN TEACHER TRAINING IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization MAY 2015 Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Training in Eastern and Southern Africa Table of Contents ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................3 VOLUME 1 .............................................................................................................6 Preface .....................................................................................................................................................7 Figures and Tables ..................................................................................................................................8 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................9 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................10 Chapter 1: Introduction and Background .............................................................................................15 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................15 Background ...................................................................................................................................................................................15 Understanding Sexuality Education and its Benefits ....................................................................................................16 Defining Comprehensive Sexuality and its Benefits ..............................................................................................16 Misperceptions about Sexuality Education ..............................................................................................................16 From HIV and Life Skills Education to Comprehensive Sexuality Education .........................................................17 The ESA Ministerial Commitment ..................................................................................................................................18 Incorporating Sexuality Education in the School Curriculum .....................................................................................19 The Situational Analysis on the Status of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Education.........20 Rationale for the Situational Analysis ..........................................................................................................................20 Objectives for the Situational Analysis .......................................................................................................................21 Methodology for the Situational Analysis .........................................................................................................................21 Report Structure ..........................................................................................................................................................................22 Chapter 2: Delivering Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Schools .............................................23 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................23 Positioning of Sexuality Education in the Curriculum ...................................................................................................23 The Role of Teachers ...................................................................................................................................................................25 Teacher Preparation for Comprehensive Sexuality Education ...................................................................................25 Teacher Training and the Delivery of Comprehensive Sexuality Education ..................................................25 Standards for Teacher Preparation for Sexuality Education Delivery ..............................................................27 Suggested Frameworks for Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Education .................................27 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................................................................28 Chapter 3: Research Findings .................................................................................................................29 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................29 Policy, Guidelines and Strategic Frameworks for Comprehensive Sexuality Education ....................................29 Country Structure on Policy and Strategic Frameworks for Comprehensive Sexuality Education.........29 Status of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in the School Curriculum ..............................................................32 Integration of Comprehensive Sexuality Education into Teacher Training ............................................................34 Policies and the Delivery of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Training...............................34 Status of Comprehensive Sexuality Education Integration into Teacher Training........................................34 A Summary of Country Efforts to Integrate CSE in Pre- and In-service Teaching..........................................36 Course Content Coverage for Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Pre-service Teacher Training ...........40 The Importance of In-service Teacher Training on Comprehensive Sexuality Education .................................41 In-service Teacher Attitudes and Practises .................................................................................................................41 The Status of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in In-service Teacher Training ......................................41 Teaching Materials ......................................................................................................................................................................42 Availability of Comprehensive Sexuality Education Materials for Teacher Training ....................................42 Training of Trainers, Managers and Curriculum Developers ........................................................................................44 Number of Teacher Training Institutions .............................................................................................................................45 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................................................................46 1 Chapter 4: Regional Lessons and Good Practises in CSE Teacher Training .........................................48 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................48 Policy Frameworks and Interventions ..................................................................................................................................48 Curriculum Development for Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Training ...................................48 Development of Technical Guidance and National Frameworks for Comprehensive Sexuality Education Delivery in Teacher Education ............................................................................................................49 Promising Approaches for In-service Teacher Training ..................................................................................................49 Community-Based Approach to Sexuality Education ....................................................................................................50 Assessment of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Training ...............................................................51 Chapter 5: Challenges in Comprehensive Sexuality Education Teacher Training ..............................52 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................52 Education Sector Policy Frameworks ....................................................................................................................................52 Teacher’s View of Comprehensive Sexuality Education .................................................................................................52 Assessment of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Teacher Education ............................................................52 Allocation of Time toward the Delivery of Comprehensive Sexuality Education .................................................52 Linkage between School-based Programmes and Health Services ..........................................................................53 Chapter 6: Recommendations ................................................................................................................54