Rajiv AwasYojana (2013-2022) SLUM FREE CITY PLAN OF ACTION - ERODE CORPORATION Submitted to Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board Chennai 2014 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS TRAINING TECHNICAL TEACHERS TRAINING AND RESEARCH AND RESEARCH, Tharamani, Chennai - 600113 Tharamani, Chennai - 600113 i CONTENTS Chapter 1. Overview 1.1 Introduction 01 1.2 Indian Scenario 02 1.3 Understanding Slums 03 1.4 Schemes to Alleviate Urban Poverty 07 1.4.1 Vision of Slum Free India: Launch of Rajiv AwasYojana (RAY) 08 1.5 Objective and Scope of the Project 11 Chapter 2. Erode City Profile 2.1 City an Overview 12 2.1.1 History 12 2.1.2 Geography 12 2.1.3 Soil &Geology 14 2.1.4 Climate and Rain fall 14 2.2 Overview of the ULB 14 2.3 Diagnostic assessment of slums 16 2.4 Surveys, Investigations and Consultations 17 2.4.1 Slums not covered under RAY – Developed Slums 18 2.4.2 Slums not surveyed under RAY due to Objection from Slum Dwellers 19 2.4.3 Surveyed Slums under RAY 20 2.5 Methodology 23 2.6 Socio Economic Survey 25 2.6.1 Stakeholder Consultation 25 2.7 Categorization of Slums based on Tenability Analysis 32 2.7.1 Tenable Slum 32 2.7.2 Untenable Slum 32 2.7.3 Semi-tenable Slum 33 2.8 Tenure 36 Chapter 3. Assessment of Present Status of Slums 3.1 Introduction 44 3.1.1 Vulnerability Parameter 44 3.2 Vulnerability Analysis 45 3.2.1 BPL Analysis 45 3.2.2 SC/ST Population Analysis 46 i 3.2.3 Structural Type Analysis 48 3.3 Infrastructure Deficiency Analysis 50 3.3.1 Water Supply 50 3.3.2 Individual Toilet facility 51 3.3.3 Storm water Drainage facility 53 3.3.4 Solid waste disposal facility 53 3.3.5 Street Light facility 54 3.3.6 Road facility 54 3.4 Deficiency Matrix 55 3.4.1 Tenable Slum Classification based on Deficiency Matrix 60 3.4.2 Untenable Slum Prioritization 65 Chapter 4. Curative Measures Based on the Deficiency Matrix 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Type of Development Strategies 71 4.3 Schemes in Livelihood improvement 71 4.3.1 Community Development Training Institute 72 4.3.2 Employment Web Portal 79 4.3.3 Infrastructure Development 80 4.4 Status of slums in Erode Corporation 81 4.5 Affordable Housing in Curative Measures 85 4.5.1 Background 85 4.5.2 Concept of Affordability 85 4.5.3 India’s Urban Housing Problem, Policies and Programs 86 4.5.4 National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy 2007 88 4.5.5 State Housing Policies and Programs 89 4.5.5.1 State Housing Policies 89 4.5.5.2 Subsidies 90 4.6 Criteria for Site Selection for Affordable Housing Schemes 91 4.7 Facilities in the Scheme 91 4.8 Schemes implemented by TNSCB Erode Division 92 4.8.1 Tamilnadu Urban Development Programme 92 4.8.2 Cash Loan Scheme Rs.8,000/- 92 4.8.3 Nehru RozharYojana 93 4.8.4Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board Tenement Scheme 94 4.8.5 Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB) - Tenement Scheme 94 ii 4.8.6 Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme(IHDSP) 95 4.8.6.1Main Objectives of the Scheme 95 4.9 Vacant Land Details and Resettlement 97 Chapter 5. Strategies for Slum Prevention and Policy Reforms 5.1 Introduction 106 5.2 Land Availability for Housing in Erode 108 5.3 Housing needs and Demand Assessment 108 5.3.1 Population Growth in Erode 108 5.4 Housing Augmentation Strategy 112 5.4.1 Public 112 5.4.2 Public Private 112 5.4.3 Public – Community – Private 112 5.4.4 Public – Community 112 5.4.5 Criteria for Site Selection for Affordable Housing Schemes 113 5.4.6 Programmes of Affordable Housing 113 5.4.7 General Housing Schemes for the Urban Poor 113 5.5 Policy and Institutional Reforms 115 5.5.1 Policy and institutional reform include 115 5.5.2 Tenure Security, Property Rights and Land Development Regulation 115 5.6 Suggested Policies 117 5.7 Credit Plan 118 5.7.1 ISHUP and Rajiv RinnYojana (RRY) 118 5.7.2 Housing Finance 119 5.7.3 Financial Markets 119 5.7.4 Labour Markets & Employment 119 5.7.5 Support to Small and Microenterprises (SMEs) 120 5.8 Increasing Access to Job Opportunities 120 5.9 Social protection 122 5.9.1 Social Services: Health, Nutrition, Education and Personal Safety 123 5.9.2 Education 123 5.9.3 Personal Safety and Crime protection 123 5.10 Poverty and Urban Environmental Conditions 124 5.11 Possibility Interventions 125 iii List of Figures Fig. Details Page No. No. 1.1 Number of Slum dwellers in Top 10 Countries 03 1.2 National Urban Poverty Alleviation Mission (NUPAM): targeting 10 reduction of vulnerabilities 2.1 Location map of Erode Corporation 13 2.2 Spatial distribution of slums on satellite imagery 21 2.3 Base Map with location of slums 22 2.4 Methodology deployed for preparing SFCPoA 24 2.5 Consultative Meeting with Mayor, Commissioner and Councilors 26 2.6 Percentage of slums with reference to physical location 32 2.7 Tenability of Slums in Erode City 34 2.8 Map of Tenability Status of Slums in Erode Corporation 35 2.9 Tenure of Erode Slums 36 2.10 Map of Tenure Status of Slums in Erode Corporation 38 2.11 Demography of Slums in Erode Corporation 39 2.12 Map representing percentage of availability of Street lights in slums 40 2.13 Map representing Garbage clearance frequency in slums 41 2.14 Map representing approach road condition in slums 42 2.15 Availability of water supply connection for individual household in slums 43 3.1 Ward wise BPL House Holds details of Erode Corporation 45 3.2 Ward wise SC/ST population details of Erode Corporation 47 3.3 Housing status in Erode Corporation slums 49 3.4 Zone wise number of Households with individual water tap connection 51 3.5 Road condition in the slums 54 3.6 Represents the order of prioritisation of slums 56 3.7 Map Representing the Deficiency Analysis of slums 58 3.8 Tenable slum distribution with deficiency Matrix 60 3.9 Ranking of Untenable slum 64 4.1 Percentage of households need to be relocated 68 4.2 Zone wise Educational Status 69 4.3 Earning Status of Slum dwellers 70 iv 4.4 Debt outstanding of Slum dwellers 70 4.5 Skill development Training at proposed CDTIs for slum dwellers to 75 improve their livelihood 4.6 Model of community development institute 77 4.7 Skill development training in Tailoring & Two wheeler mechanic 78 4.8 Skill development training in Earth moving equipment’s and 79 Construction 4.9 Empowering slum dwellers through employment web portal 80 5.1 Preventive Strategy for Slums 107 5.2 Projected population of Erode City 111 5.3 Projected Slum household of Erode City 111 5.4 Housing Augmentation Strategic Models 114 v List of Tables Table Details Page No. No. 1.1 Indicators and Thresholds for defining Slums 06 1.2 Investment for upgrading slums and providing alternatives required by 08 2020 2.1 Information about Erode Corporation 15 2.2 Decade wise population growth and variation of Erode City 16 2.3 Details of slums in Erode Corporation 17 2.4 Survey not covered under RAY in TNSCB schemes implemented slums 18 in Zone-II 2.5 Survey not covered under RAY in TNSCB schemes implemented slums 18 in Zone-IV 2.6 Slums not surveyed under RAY due to Opposition from Slum Dwellers 19 and to be surveyed 2.7 Zone and Ward details of Erode City 20 2.8 List of Surveyed Slums in Erode Corporation 27 2.9 Distribution of Slums with reference to Physical Location 31 2.10 Criteria for Tenability Assessment 33 2.11 Zone wise distribution of Tenable and Untenable Slums with 34 households 3.1 Percentage of BPL households of Erode Corporation 46 3.2 BPL Classification 46 3.3 Zone wise community distribution 47 3.4 SC/ST Classification 48 3.5 Zone wise distribution of housing structure 48 3.6 Housing status classification 49 3.7 Vulnerability Index 50 3.8 Ranges of Households not covered with Water Supply connection 51 3.9 Zone wise distribution of percentage of HH without individual toilet 52 3.10 Ranges of Households not having toilet facility 52 3.11 Ranges of Non availability off Drainage 53 3.12 Solid waste facility 53 vi 3.13 Ranges of Street Light Deficit 54 3.14 Percentage of Road deficit 55 3.15 Infrastructure Index 55 3.16 Deficiency Matrix for Tenable slums 56 3.17 Slums distribution based on deficiency matrix – for tenable slums 57 3.18 Deficiency Matrix for tenable slums 59 3.19 Ranking for untenable slums 60 3.20 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v3,i3) 61 3.21 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v2,i3) 61 3.22 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v3,i2) 62 3.23 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v2,i2) 62 3.24 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v1,i3) 63 3.25 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v1,i2) 63 3.26 Tenable slums with Deficiency Matrix of (v2,i1) 64 3.27 Untenable slums with Rank1 65 3.28 Untenable slums with Rank 2 65 3.29 Untenable slums with Rank 3 66 4.1 Distribution of households in Untenable Slums 67 4.2 Curative measures for Housing development 83 4.3 Affordability ratio of different income groups 85 4.4 Tamil Nadu Urban Development project 92 4.5 TNSCB – Cash Loan Scheme 93 4.6 Nehru Rozhar Yojana Scheme 93 4.7 Erode Corporation- Tenemental Scheme by TNSCB 94 4.8 Erode Corporation- Tenement Scheme by TNHB 94 4.9 Erode Corporation – IHDSP Scheme 95 4.10 Vacant Land Details 97 4.11 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2014-2015 97 4.12 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2015-2016 98 4.13 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2016-2017 98 4.14 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2017-2018 98 4.15 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2018-2019 98 416 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2019-2020 99 4.17 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2020-2021 99 4.18 Phasing of the tenable slums in the year 2021-2022 100 4.19 Phasing of the untenable slums in the year 2014-2015