2016 2nd International Conference on Modern Education and Social Science (MESS 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-346-5 Analytical Investigation into Physical Education Situation in Rural Primary School under the Background of School Football—Take Dazhu County as an Example Ke-Jian LIU, Xiao-Zhou ZHANG Lanzhou University of Technology, Physical Education and Research Department, 730050, No.287 Lan’gongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China (Main campus of Lanzhou University of Technology) [email protected] Keywords: school football, physical education in primary school, physical and psychological health Abstract: With the background of school football, from the perspective of students’ favorite sports items, time spend on sports, teaching content, after-class activity, execution of syllabus and the faculty structure, this paper focuses on the present situation of physical education in Dazhu rural primary and makes a deep analysis about the existing problems, and then puts forward corresponding development countermeasures. Introduction The development of physical education (PE) class in the rural primary school has a direct relationship with the pupils’ physical health and their interest in lifelong sports training, what’s more, it involves the future of our motherland and nation. In 2009, “Plan for The Development of Chinese Youth School Soccer Ball” officially launched, and DaZhou is one of the 44 cities that applied this activity. This helps DaZhou step into a new stage in PE sports of different districts that modeled by urban areas. In order to provide the theory basis for PE reform in DaZhu County, this thesis has a thorough analysis and summary for the present situation of PE class in rural primary school of DaZhu county, which probes into the problems and causes in the process of carrying out the sports training class. Finally it offers some possible methods and strategies for solving these problems. Research Object and Method Research Object The research object of this paper is the physical education of rural primary school in Dazhu County Sichuan Province, and 12 schools are choosen as objects of investigation. Research Method (1) Literature review method; (2) interviews; (3) questionnaire; conduct questionnaire survey on pupils and P.E. teachers in rural primary schools in Dazhu County, extract boys and girls each 600 cases from ten schools, total in 1200 cases, 1178 cases (98%) were recovered; 72 cases on P.E. teachers, 68 cases(94%) were recovered. (4) Mathematical statistics; (5) logic analysis method; 504 Results and Analysis Teaching Status of PE Classes in Rural Primary Schools in Dazhu County. Table 1. PE class hours and the syllabus, n=12. Program Primary school 2 credit hours/week 8% 3credit hours /week 75% 4credit hours/week 16% PE classes are occupied 16% Teachers adhere to the teaching plan 41% Adhere to the syllabus and use 25% textbook From table 1, it can be see that at present, the credit hour of PE classes is mainly 3 per week in Dazhu rural primary school. Because of declined physical health of primary and middle school students, in 2014, the National Forum on the work of school sports promoted a positive demand that increase PE classes from 3 classes per week to 4classes per week for students from third grade to sixth grade in primary school, and at the same time PE classes should not be occupied with any reason. Because the PE teachers are in shortage in Dazhu rural primary school, the credit hour in some primary schools can not meet the new requirement. During teaching process, 16% of PE classes are occupied, and 75% schools do not adhere to the syllabus, and 51 of the PE teachers do not adhere to the teaching plan. The above situations are caused by several matters, if these situations are not prevented in time, the PE class quality and result certainly will be influenced. Table 2. Major teaching content of school PE classes, n=12. It can be clearly concluded in table 3 that at present the teaching content of PE class in Dazhu rural primary schools are setting up exercises to radio music, track and field and basketball. In these schools, 100% of schools have setting up exercises to radio music, track and field occupied 83% schools, basketball occupied 50% schools, rope skipping occupied 41% schools, football occupied 33% schools. 505 However, from the research data, we can see that under the promotion of school football, teaching content of PE classes in rura primary school is not changed substantially, and school football only occupies 33% of the PE classes. Five years has passed since the promotion of school football, but the development is still slow. Setting up exercises to radio music, track and field, basketball and rope skipping are traditional sports items, and can be launched easily in limited field and with limited number of PE teachers. The major reasons that cause the above situation are lack of football teachers in rural primary school, limited field and the influence of traditional teaching ideology, since traditional teaching ideology caused teachers can not accept new teaching content and teaching method easily. Table 3. Students’ favorite sports items, n=1178 ( male students586, female students 592). Sports items Basketball Football Volleyball Ping Pong Badminton Track And Field Gym Other Male students 20% 37% 2% 13% 9% 14% 2% 3% Female students 6% 15% 3% 26% 36% 11% 1% 2% Table 3 is an investigation about 1178 students’ favorite sports items in twelve schools of Dazhu County. For the male students, the first three favorite sports items are football, basketball and track and field, and which occupies 37%, 20% and 14% of the total number. These sports items have same characteristics which is high strength, high-powered and co-field competition. The first three sports items in female students’ favorite are badminton, ping pong, and football, and occupies 36%, 26%, 15% of the total number, and theses sports items have the same characteristics that is low strength, low-powered, and resistant term through the net. The teaching content of primary school PE classes is not consistent with the sports items that the students like, especially when the male students and female students are fond with different sports items. So in order to improve teaching result and goal, teaching content should be reasonably selected according to the real situation, so that the students’ interests can be roused, and their sports hobby can be cultivated. Table 4. Time spend on sports per day, n=1178 (male students 586, female students 592). item Above 100 80-100 60-80 40-60 20-40 minutes minutes minutes minute s minutes Female students 3% 2% 15% 20% 60% Male students 11% 12% 35% 37% 4% Table 4 is an investigation on the time spend on sports per day for 1178 students in twelve rural primary schools in Dazhu County. From this table, we can see that male students spend more time on sports than female students, from 40 minutes to 80 minutes, while most of the female students spend 20 minutes to 506 40 minutes on sports. In 2006, primary schools and middle schools throughout the nation carry out “sunny sports ”activity, hoping that this activity urge the students head for the playground, to the nature and under the sun, participate into the sports actively. Although this activity achieved certain result in short terms, through the investigation data, we can see that some rural primary school still could not meet the requirement of spend one hour on sport per day. This kind of situation is badly in need of related department to find a way to solve. Table 5. School sports activities, n=12. Table 5 is the investigation about school sports activities in Dazhu rural primary schools. At present, only 8% of schools carry out morning exercise, school sports competition and extracurricular physical activities do not surpass 60%, only exercise between classes reach 91%. School sports activity is the continuation of PE classes, is the major means to improve students’ health quality, and is also the effective way to enriching their life after school. Based on this situation, the rural primary should add some after-class sports activities onto the present status, and constantly meet the students’ need in sports activities. Table 6. Faculty structure, n=72. Education background bachelor 23% junior college 41% secondary normal school 36% scientific research bachelor 7% junior college 4% junior college 1% major football 5% basketball 23% ping pong 14% others 58% Gender distribution male 29% female 71% Table 6 is the investigation of the faculty structure of 72 teachers in twelve rural primary schools in Dazhu County. In this table, we can see that the bachelor, junior college and secondary normal school 507 occupies 23%, 41%, 36% respectively, scientific research is 7%, 4% and 1% respectively, 5% of teacher major in football, 23% of teachers major in basketball, 14% of teachers major in Ping pong and 58% of teachers are major in other subjects. The male teacher occupies 29% of the total number, while the female teachers occupies 71% of the total number. It is reflected in this table that the structure is unreasonable and unbalanced, so the most urgent issue is how to optimize the contingent of teachers. Conclusion The problems existing in physical education in Dazhu rural primary school are still severe, the most important problems are lack of PE teachers, unreasonable faculty structure and physical education is not taken seriously. School football is not absorbed in to PE classes, it is only carried out at after-class times, is a kind of "sheep-keeping" mode. The teaching content of physical education is simple, and the teaching mode is applied mechanically lacking of innovation.