JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2004, preview article Descriptions of two new species of alpheid shrimps from Japan and Australia, with notes on taxonomy of Automate De Man, Coronalpheus Wicksten and Bermudacaris Anker and Iliffe (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) ARTHUR ANKER{ and TOMOYUKI KOMAI*{ {Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2E1; e-mail: [email protected] {Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] (Accepted 30 May 2003) Two new species of the caridean family Alpheidae are described from distant Indo-Pacific localities: Automate hayashii sp. nov. from Hakodate Bay, southern Hokkaido, Japan, and Bermudacaris australiensis sp. nov. from the North-West Shelf off Western Australia. Automate hayashii appears closest to the poorly known A. salomoni Coutie`re, 1908. Bermudacaris australiensis sp. nov., the second species of the genus, represents the first discovery of the genus in the Indo-Pacific. The type species of Bermudacaris Anker and Iliffe, 2000, B. harti Anker and Iliffe, 2000, was described from anchialine caves of Bermuda, while the unique specimen of Bermudacaris australiensis sp. nov. was collected from an apparently typical marine environment. Relationships among the species of Automate De Man, 1888, Bermudacaris and Coronalpheus Wicksten, 1999 are discussed. Characters separating these three closely related genera, including the development of the rostrum, the shape of the eye-stalks, the absence of the appendix masculina, and the features of the first pereopods, are reassessed. Three informal species groups are recognized in Automate, showing certain heterogeneity of this genus. KEYWORDS: Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae, new species, Japan, Australia. Introduction The three most important general characteristics of the shrimp family Alpheidae are the robust first pereopods bearing usually an enlarged claw (with snapping mechanism in some genera), the posterior margin of the carapace having a well- developed cardiac notch, and the eye-stalks being dorsally at least partly, often *To whom correspondence is addressed. Journal of Natural History ISSN 0022-2933 print/ISSN 1464-5262 online # 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals DOI: 10.1080/0022293031000156312 A. Anker and T. Komai completely covered by the anterior projections of the carapace (Coutie`re, 1899; Chace, 1988; Chace and Kensley, 1992). In many alpheid genera these projections form the so-called ‘orbital hoods’, which conceal the eye-stalks in dorsal, lateral and sometimes in frontal view. In some other genera, only the proximal half of the eye-stalks is covered, not by the distinct orbital hoods but rather by the latero- proximal section of the rostrum dorsally and the protruding extra-corneal teeth laterally or dorso-laterally. However, only three genera, Automate De Man, 1888, Bermudacaris Anker and Iliffe, 2000 and Coronalpheus Wicksten, 1999, are unique within the family in having the eye-stalks completely or almost completely exposed in dorsal view, without any trace of extra-orbital teeth. In this paper, two new species, which appear to belong to Automate and Bermudacaris, respectively, are described from two geographically very distant localities in the Indo-West Pacific. A single female specimen collected intertidally in Hakodate Bay, southern Hokkaido, Japan, is assigned to a new species, Automate hayashii sp. nov. The new species represents the northern-most record of Automate in the world, as well as one of the most northern records of the Alpheidae in the western Pacific Ocean (Komai et al., 1992; Hayashi, 2002). Automate hayashii sp. nov. appears closest to the poorly known A. salomoni Coutie`re, 1908 described from Chagos Islands, central Indian Ocean. Another new species, Bermudacaris australiensis sp. nov., is described on the basis of a single specimen dredged at a depth of 38 m on the North-West Shelf situated in the Indian Ocean off Western Australia. This specimen, deposited in the collection of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, was tentatively identified by the late D. M. Banner as Automate dolichognatha De Man, 1888, and later re-identified by Prof. Dr Y. Miya of Nagasaki University, Japan, as ‘Automate truncata n. sp’. Surprisingly, close examination of this incomplete specimen revealed that the specimen was not referable to Automate, but showed strong affinity with Bermudacaris harti Anker and Iliffe, 2000, known only from anchialine caves of Bermuda in the western Atlantic Ocean. The new species is thus assigned to Bermudacaris with a minor emendation of the generic diagnosis provided by Anker and Iliffe (2000). Anker (2001b) mentioned that three alpheid genera, Automate, Bermudacaris and Coronalpheus Wicksten, 1999 are closely related and form a clade characterized by dorsally exposed eye-stalks and several other features. In this study, we attempt a preliminary review of the relationships among these three genera, although a thorough revision of these genera, and particularly Automate, is beyond the scope of this paper. However, we propose to divide Automate in three informal species groups, here named and diagnosed as A. dolichognatha species group, A. evermanni species group and A. hayashii species group. Automate hayashii species group shares certain characteristics with Coronalpheus, suggesting a possible phylogenetic heterogeneity of Automate. The holotype of Automate hayashii sp. nov. is deposited in the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan (CBM). The holotype of Bermudacaris australiensis sp. nov. remains deposited in the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia (NTM). The comparative specimens used in this study are deposited in the Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) and the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM). The size of specimens is indicated by carapace length (CL) measured in millimetres from the tip of the rostrum to the mid-point Two new alpheids of the postero-dorsal margin of the carapace and/or total length (TL) measured in millimetres from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior end of the telson. The following species were examined for comparative purposes: Automate salomoni Coutie`re, 1908: one ovigerous female, holotype (TL 17.5 mm), MNHN-Na 13749, Salomon Island, Chagos Archipelago, Percy Sladen Trust Expedition. Coronalpheus natator Wicksten, 1999: one ovigerous female, paratype (CL 6.6 mm), USNM 287088, Devil’s Crown, Isla Onslow, north of Isla Floreana, Galapagos, reef, 15 m, 18 August 1998, M. K. Wicksten coll. Bermudacaris harti Anker and Iliffe, 2000: one ovigerous female (CL 4.5 mm), USNM 310840, Green Bay Cave, New Harrington Sound Passage, Bermuda, caught by hand while swimming in mid-water about 15 m deep, 27 August 1981, D. Williams coll. One female (CL 4.4 mm) and one juvenile, MNHN-Na 13696, Deep Blue Cave, Bermuda, 14 March 2003, T. Iliffe coll. Taxonomic part Family ALPHEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Automate De Man, 1888 Automate hayashii sp. nov. (figures 1–4) Material examined. HOLOTYPE: non-ovigerous female (CL 8.5 mm, TL 26.0 mm), CBM-ZC 6559, tidal flat at Kamiiso, Hakodate Bay, southern Hokkaido, Japan, intertidal, 16 May 1991, S. Goshima coll. Description. Carapace glabrous. Frontal region with very shallow orbital con- cavities on either side of very short, broad rostrum; rostrum distally rounded, reaching to level of antero-lateral margin of carapace, covering only medio-basal FIG.1. Automate hayashii sp. nov. Holotype, female (CL 8.5 mm; CBM-ZC 6559), habitus. Scale: 2 mm. A. Anker and T. Komai FIG.2. Automate hayashii sp. nov. Holotype, female (CL 8.5 mm; CBM-ZC 6559). (A) Anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; (B) anterior part of carapace, eyes and basal segments of antennular peduncles, dorsal view; (C) anterior part of carapace, cephalic appendages and distal part of third maxilliped, lateral view; (D) right antennal scaphocerite, dorsal view (marginal setae omitted); (E) posterior part of sixth abdominal somite, telson and right uropods, lateral view (marginal setae on uropod omitted); (F) telson, dorsal view (setae omitted). Scales: 1 mm. Two new alpheids FIG.3. Automate hayashii sp. nov. Holotype, female (CL 8.5 mm; CBM-ZC 6559). (A) Major left cheliped, lateral view; (B) same, dactylus and pollex, mesial view; (C) minor right cheliped, lateral view; (D) same, mesial view; (E) chela, carpus, merus and distal part of ischium of left second pereopod, lateral view; (F) left third pereopod, lateral view; (G) dactylus and propodus of left fifth pereopod, mesial view; (H) second pleopod, ventro-mesial view. Scales: 1 mm. A. Anker and T. Komai FIG.4. Automate salomoni Coutie`re, 1908. Holotype, sex undeterminable. (A) Anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, right lateral view; (B) same, left lateral view (left antennular peduncle broken off); (C) same, dorsal view; (D) right antennule, lateral view; (E) dactylus, propodus and carpus of right third pereopod, lateral view; (F) sixth abdominal somite, telson and left uropod, lateral view. Scales: 1 mm. portion of eye-stalks (figure 2A); rostral carina and orbital teeth absent. Eye- stalks exposed dorsally and laterally (figure 2B, C), mesial margins nearly parallel and mesially almost touching; cornea moderately developed, lateral (figure 2B). Pterygostomian angle rounded, continuous with branchiostegal