CORROSION-RESISTANT ALLOYS HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy A most versatile nickel- chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy available today with improved resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion as well as to a variety of mixed industrial chemicals. The C-22 alloy exhibits superior weldability and is used as overalloy filler wire and weld overlay consumables to improve resistance to corrosion. Contents Principal Features 3 Laboratory Corrosion Tests 4 Field Evaluation 5 Typical Applications 6 Aqueous Corrosion Data 8 Resistance to Localized Attack 10 Thermal Stability 11 Isocorrosion Curves 12 Physical Properties 13 Hardness and Impact Strength 14 Tensile Data 15 Fabrication 16 Welding 18 Machining 21 Availability 22 Sales Office Addresses 24 H-2019F © 2002 by Haynes International, Inc. About Haynes International, Inc. Haynes International, Inc., was founded in 1912 by Elwood Haynes, an inventor of some of the first cobalt-based alloys. The company has relied on a strong technology base ever since. HASTELLOY® alloys are known throughout the chemical process industry as the premier corrosion resistant materials. HAYNES® high-temperature alloys are equally well known in the aerospace field for their unique heat-resistance qualities. Both of these groups of alloys were developed and perfected in Kokomo, Indiana. Haynes International is stocked to respond immediately to virtually any high performance alloy requirement. The com- pany’s technical backup and applications knowledge are unsurpassed. HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Excels in Pitting Resistance HASTELLOY® HASTELLOY HASTELLOY HAYNES® C-4 alloy C-22 alloy C-276 alloy 625 alloy Samples were subjected to a solution of 11.5% H2S04, 1.2% HCI, 1% FeCl3 AND 1% CuCl2. Solutions for coupons 625 and C-4 were at 102°C, while C-276 and C-22 were at 125°C. HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 2 PRINCIPAL FEATURES Outstanding Corrosion Product Forms Field Test Program Resistance C-22 alloy is available in most Samples of C-22 alloy are HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy is a common product forms: plate, readily available for laboratory or versatile nickel-chromium- sheet, strip, billet, bar, wire, inplant corrosion testing. molybdenum-tungsten alloy with covered electrodes, pipe, and Analysis of corrosion resistance better overall corrosion tubing. of the tested material can also resistance than other Ni-Cr-Mo Wrought forms of this alloy are be performed and the results alloys available today, including furnished in the solution heat- provided to the customer as a HASTELLOY C-276 and C-4 treated condition unless free technical service. Test C-22 alloys and alloy 625. C-22 alloy otherwise specified. alloy and compare. Contact any has outstanding resistance to of the convenient locations pitting, crevice corrosion, and Applications shown on the back cover of this stress corrosion cracking. It has Some of the areas of use for brochure for test coupons and excellent resistance to oxidizing C-22 alloy are: information. aqueous media including wet • Acetic Acid/Acetic Anhydride Specifications chlorine and mixtures containing • Acid Etching nitric acid or oxidizing acids with HASTELLOY C-22 alloy is • Cellophane Manufacturing chloride ions. Also, C-22 alloy covered by ASME Section VIII, • Chlorination Systems offers optimum resistance to Division I. Plate, sheet, strip, bar, • Complex Acid Mixtures environments where reducing tubing, and pipe are covered by • Electro-Galvanizing Rolls and oxidizing conditions are ASME specifications SB-574, • Expansion Bellows encountered in process streams. SB-575, SB-619, SB-622 and • Flue Gas Scrubber Systems Because of such versatility it can SB-626 and by ASTM specifica- • Geothermal Wells be used where “upset” tions B-574, B-575, B-619, B-622, • HF Furnace Scrubbers conditions are likely to occur or and B-626. DIN specification is • Incineration Scrubber Systems in multi-purpose plants. 17744 No. 2.4602 (all forms), • Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing TUV Werkstoffblatt 479 (all C-22 alloy has exceptional • Pesticide Production forms). C-22 alloy falls within resistance to a wide variety of • Phosphoric Acid Production the range of UNS number chemical process environments, • Pickling Systems N06022 but has a more including strong oxidizers such • Plate Heat Exchangers restricted composition for as ferric and cupric chlorides, • Selective Leaching Systems improved performance. These chlorine, hot contaminated • SO2 Cooling Towers improvements are of such solutions (organic and • Sulfonation Systems significance that it has been inorganic), formic and acetic • Tubular Heat Exchangers widely patented throughout the acids, acetic anhydride, and • Weld Overlay-Valves world. seawater and brine solutions. C-22 alloy resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in Material Safety Data the weld heat-affected zone, Sheets thus making it suitable for most For information concerning chemical process applications in material safety data, ask for the as-welded condition. Material Safety Data Sheets H2071 and H1072. Nominal Chemical Composition, Weight Percent Ni Co Cr Mo W Fe Si Mn C V 56a 2.5** 22 13 3 3 0.08** 0.50** 0.010** 0.35** * The undiluted deposited chemical composition of C-22 alloy covered electrodes has 0.02% carbon and 0.2% Si. ** Maximum a As balance 3 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Laboratory Corrosion Tests Demonstrate Superiority of HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 Corrosion Rate, mpy Rate, Corrosion 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10% FeCl3, 1.5% HCl, 2.5% HCl, 2% HF, 5% HNO3, 5% HNO3, 10% H2SO4, 50% H2SO4, 5% H2SO4, 25% H2SO4, 23% H2SO4, boiling boiling 194°F 158°F 25% H2SO4, plus 1% HCl boiling 150°F plus 0.1 HCl plus plus 4% NaCl boiling boiling 200 ppm Cl,- 1.2% HCl, boiling 158°F 1% FeCl3 and 1% CuCl2 boiling C-22 alloy C-276 alloy C-4 alloy 625 alloy HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 4 Field Evaluations Exhibits Excellent Corrosion Protection Chemical Processing Industry Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Reactor Vessel Pulverized Coal Fired Unit 10-15% Sulfuric Acid + Solids/Impurities 4.8% Sulfur 212°F (100°C) — 12 Months Outlet Duct Corrosion 129°F (54°C) — 27 Months Rate Depth of Attack (mpy) Remarks Pitting Crevice 316L Stainless Steel >61 Sample Dissolved (in.) (in.) Carpenter 20Cb-3® alloy >57 Sample Dissolved 316L Stainless Steel 0.011 0.015 Alloy 825 >58 Sample Dissolved Alloy 904L 0.010 0.005 HASTELLOY® B-2 alloy >58 Sample Dissolved Jessop JS700® alloy 0.010 0.011 HAYNES® 625 alloy 29 Severe Corrosion Attack HAYNES 625 alloy No Attack 0.005 HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 28 Severe Corrosion Attack HASTELLOY C276 alloy No Attack 0.007 HASTELLOY C-22® alloy 4.7 Slight Corrosion Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy No Attack 0.002 Refinery Industry Chemical Waste Incineration Coke Refinery Rotary Kiln Industrial Organic Vaporizer Quench Duct 203°F (95°C) — 2 Months 300°F (149°C) — 4 Months Corrosion Corrosion Rate Rate (mpy) Remarks (mpy) Remarks 316L Stainless Steel 139 Severe Crevice Attack Carbon Steel >353 Sample Dissolved Carpenter 20Cb-3® alloy 227 Partially Dissolved 316L Stainless Steel >160 Sample Dissolved Avesta 254 SMO® alloy 83 Pitting, Crevice Attack Avesta 254 SMO alloy 83 Severe Pitting Attack Allegheny AL-6XN® alloy 60 Pitting, Crevice Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 64 Moderate Pitting Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 29 Pitting, Crevice Attack HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 53 Moderate Pitting Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 3.4 Slight Crevice Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 27 Slight Pitting Attack Pulp and Paper Industry Chemical Waste Incineration Ammonium Sulfite-Type Mill Ammonia Stripping Process C-Stage Washer Waste Water 75°F (24°C) — 8 Months 160°F (71°C) — 3 Months Depth of Attack Depth of Attack Pitting Crevice Pitting Crevice (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) 316L Stainless Steel 0.030 0.045 Carbon Steel 0.040 0.050 Alloy 904L 0.023 0.029 316L Stainless Steel 0.005 0.005 Avesta 254 SMO alloy 0.015 No Attack Allegheny AL-6XN alloy 0.005 No Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 0.005 No Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 0.004 No Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 0.002 No Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy No Attack No Attack 5 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy TYPICAL APPLICATIONS This large fabrication of HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy is shown here being readied for shipment to a papermill in the southeast. C-22 alloy was selected for this application after extensive testing in the actual bleach washer environment. It has already given over 10 years of service with no corrosive attack. Twenty different materials were tested for this hydrofluoric acid prescrubber after the original material failed. C-22 alloy had four times better corrosion resis- tance than the original material and 20 percent better than the next candidate. The process involves 20 percent HF, 64 per- cent H2SO4 and 16 percent water at 150 to 200°F. Solid rocket propellant effluents and salt air caused pitting and crevice corrosion attack of stainless steel. C-22 alloy was selected over 19 different alloys for the clamshell bellows after extensive testing. The bellows have been in service for more than 12 years. Sleeved electrogalvanizing finish- ing rolls made of HASTELLOY C-22 alloy are ready for place- ment in a steel finishing manufacturing line. C-22 alloy helps reduce defects on the rolls which is necessary to produce defect free galvanized steel for the automotive industry. HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 6 Typical Applications (continued) Acid pump, fortified with a C-22 alloy sleeve, is still providing excellent service after 9 years in a continuous stainless steel pickling operation. The acid consists of 2 percent hydrofluoric acid, 20 percent hydrochloric acid, and as much as 40 gm/liter of iron, at 170°F. Conditions were so severe in C-stage bleaching operations at one mill that even C-276 alloy welds were suspect.