AU0524251 The Australian Synchrotron - A Progress Report J BOLDEMAN1, A JACKSON", G SEABORNE", R. HOBBS' and R GARRETTb "Australian Synchrotron Project, Level 17, 80 Collins St, Melbourne "Ansto, PMB1, Menai, NSW Abstract. This paper summarises progress with the development of the Australian Synchrotron. The potential suite of beamline and instrument stations is discussed and some examples are given. 1. The Australian Synchrotron Project and completed in 1998 [2] recommended that a Synchrotron radiation is emitted when electrons, compact mid energy facility similar to that for example, travelling with velocities close to the proposed for Canada [3] and one in the planning speed of light are bent in a magnetic or electrostatic stage for the Stanford Linear Accelerator field. The electromagnetic radiation so released, Laboratory [4] would be an ideal choice. Thus the tangential to the electron path, is enormously more recommended energy for the facility was 3 GeV. intense than that from laboratory X-ray sources, the The facility would also need to be equipped with at radiation is emitted in a broad energy spectrum and least 9 different beamlines in Phase I to satisfy the specific energies or wavelengths can be selected for design objectives. experimental applications. The radiation is also emitted with a very small divergence with respect 2. The Boomerang Storage Ring to the plane of the electron beam. Synchrotron The Australian Synchrotron is being constructed by radiation has become a key analytical tool with the Victorian Government on a site adjacent to wide scale applications in the materials and Monash University in Melbourne. The facility is chemical sciences, molecular environmental based on the Boomerang Storage Ring which has a science, the geosciences, nascent technology and DBA structure (Figure 1) with 14 superperiods. defence related research among many fields. As a Each cell comprises two dipoles (D), six consequence, more than 80 international quadrupoles (Q) and seven sextupoles (S) separated synchrotron facilities are either in operation or by appropriate drift spaces. The dipoles have planned. An evaluation in 1999 [1] indicated that modest gradient fields to provide set horizontal after several years of operation, an Australian based defocussing. Initially, the lattice was planned to facility would have an Australian user community have 12 fold symmetry with a circumference of of approximately 1200 different researchers and a approximately 184 - 189 m [5]. However possible international cliental of 350. In response consideration started to be given to a larger lattice to this opportunity for outstanding wealth and finally it was decided that the best performance generation, the Victorian Government has versus cost option for an Australian based facility committed $157 M towards the construction of a would be to have 14 periods for the lattice with a national synchrotron facility. The total cost in circumference of 216 m [6]. This allowed two Phase I including beamlines and experimental additional straight sections for insertion device stations is $206M. The design objectives for the based beamline facilities and also reduced the Australian synchrotron were to satisfy the research emittance by approximately 35%. The key requirements of 95% of Australian user needs and parameters are listed in Table 1. The design to satisfy all of those of Australian industry. objective was to achieve a low emittance in a Naturally, the facility needed to be of world class relatively compact circumference that had an but had to fit within the budget that might be excellent dynamic aperture and was robust with expected for an Australian facility. A Feasibility respect to potential construction aberrations. Study commissioned by the Federal Government Table 1 Basic Properties of the Lattice n=o r|= 0.24 m Energy 3.0 GeV 3.0 GeV Circumference 216m 216m Periodicity/ Usable straights 14,12 14, 12 Betatron Tune - H,V 13.30,5.2 13.30,5.2 Current 200 mA 200 mA Radiation Loss/turn 932.2 keV 932.2 keV Nat.Emittance 15.81 nm rad 6.98 nm rad Beam Magnet Field/ Critical Energy 1.301 T,7.8keV 1.301 T,7.8keV Critical Energy 7.8 keV 7.8 keV Hor. Beam Straight, Vertical Beam Size 389 microns, 20.5 microns 340 microns, 12.7 microns 22 A full energy injector based on a linear accelerator discussed in [7]. The straight sections from magnet feeding a booster synchrotron (130.2 m with an surface to magnet surface are quite long at almost emittance < 100 nmrad) will be installed. 5.4 m allowing long insertion devices of up to 4.6 Questions of stay clear and apertures have been m in length. FIGURE 1 One Superperiod of the Boomerang Lattice, D - light background dipoles, Q - dark background quadrupoles and S - semi-dark background sextupoles. 3. Beamline Facilities • Microbeam Applications 14% The strategy for the new Australian Synchrotron is • Materials Research 21% to cater for the requirements of 95% of the research • Biotechnology 14% interests of the Australian community. The size of • X-ray Physics 12% the community has increased over the last 10 years • Minerals and Mining 12% principally through the auspices of the Australian Synchrotron Research Program and the current • Polymers /Soft X-rays 9% community numbers more than 300. Demographic • Chemical Sciences 9% projections based on international experience • IT Applications 6% suggest that the Australian based research • Environmental Science 3% community in the mature period (after 5 years of Ultimately, the facility will attempt to cater for all operation) should be approximately 1200. The of these applications and prospective new present activities of this community according to opportunities as they arrive. The Australian research areas (based on ASRP data) is as follows: community has been invited to propose a set of beamline and instrument stations for Phase I of the operation. These are listed in Table 2. Table 2 Beamline Proposals Beamline Description Source Energy Range Protein Crystallography (MAD) bending magnet 2 - 20 keV Protein Crystallography (MAD) and SmalMoleculesl 22 mm undulator 5.5 - 20 keV Microfocus 22 mm undulator 5.5-25keV Powder X-ray Diffraction bending magnet (wiggler) 4 - 60 keV X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) wiggler 4 - 65 keV X-ray Imaging wiggler 4 - 85 keV Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS, WAXS) 22 mm undulator 5.5 - 35 keV Visible Ultra Violet (VUV) 185 mm undulator 10-350eV Soft X-ray 55 mm undulator 200 - 3000 eV Vibrational and Optical Spectroscopy bending magnet 0.001 - 1 eV General Purpose Microprobe bending magnet 4 - 35 keV LIGA bending magnet 2 - 25 keV Circular Dichroism undulator 2-100eV 23 Funding is being sought for as many of these soft X-rays a 55 mm period out of vacuum proposals as possible. Design of these beamlines is undulator is an obvious candidate. Figure 2 and 3 proceeding and it is hoped to have as many presents the brightness that would be achieved from operational on day 1 as possible. It is clear from the the lattice operated in its minimum emittance mode Table that high brightness/flux on target is required for both of these IDs respectively [4]. The in the 10-20 keV range which of course was the calculations presented in the figures include the principal argument for the 3 GeV ring. To provide impact of the beam energy spread but not potential competitive performance in this region a 22 mm in magnet errors. vacuum undulator is under consideration. For the Boomerang 22 mm Unrtuhittir Koomcrang 55 mm Umlulatwr 1.0EJ8'; 1.0F.I7 j- I.DE1S i. 2 3 Fnci-gr (kcYi FIGURE 2 Brightness plots for the 22 mm Undulator FIGURE 3 Brightness plots for 55 mm Undulator Figure 2 showing harmonics to 9 indicates that the performance of Insertion Devices and by the there is excellent brightness to at least 20 keV. The time a decision is needed on appropriate IDs there brightness for harmonics 1 to 5 is shown in Figure may be new opportunities. 3. The photon flux that is achievable on the Boomerang bending magnets is shown in Figure 4 Comments on the various beamline proposals are and that for a high performance wiggler (61 mm presented below. The maximum beamline length period, K= 10.8) is shown in Figure 5. hi recent (to the target) that can be considered within the times, considerable advances have been made in confines of the synchrotron building is 40 m. LDE14 I.0EK • .-. 1.UE13 • 1 \ S .L0E12 - I \ C 1.0E11 1.UE1O l.OEli 1.0K2 1.0E3 1.I1E4 L.0E3- Photuii Energy (e\"l FIGURE 4 Flux from Bending Magnet FIGURE 5 Flux from 61 mm Wiggler 24 3.1 Protein Crystallography Two beamlines are planned for protein Macromolecular or protein crystallography (PX) is a crystallography as part of a comprehensive program method for determining the structures of large in this vital area of research. One of these will be a biological molecules, specifically proteins and conventional bcamline sited on a bending magnet that Protein Crystallography is recognised internationally will cater for high throughput studies, exploratory as one of most important applications (if not the most studies and rapid response activities. The second will important) of synchrotron facilities. The Intellectual be based on a 22 mm in vacuum undulator providing Property generated in this science is the basis on microfocus beems probably to an instrument station which many modem dnigs are developed. It also at 38.5 m. Without defining slits it is hoped to focus provides critical information on life science the beam to 100 urn horizontally and 50 (im within a processes. As a consequence all major OECD total divergence of 0.2 mrad. For smaller crystals nations have invested heavily in synchrotron slits will be required to reduce the beam size.