RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ST. PETERSBURG INTELLIGENTSIA CONGRESS ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES under the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation THE CONTOURS OF THE FUTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORLD’S CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The 18th International Likhachov Scientific Conference May 17–19, 2018 The conference, originally called ‘The Days of Sci - The Conference is held in accordance with en ce in St. Petersburg University of the Humanities the Decree of President of Russia V. V. Putin and Social Sciences’ is the 26th in number ‘On perpetuating the memory and the 18th in the status of the International of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov’ Likhachov Scientific Conference No 587, dated from May 23, 2001 In 2018 the socially important project ‘The 18th International Likhachov Scientific Conference’ was realized with the help of the Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for civil society development provided by the President’s Grants Fund in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 3, 2017 No 93-rp St. Petersburg 2018 ББК 72 К65 Scientific editor A. S. Zapesotsky, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Likhachov Scientific Conference, President of St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences, correspon­ ding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Educa­ tion, Dr. Sc. (Cultural Studies), Professor, Scientist Emeritus of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Congress of St. Petersburg Intelligentsia Recommended to be published by the Editorial and Publishing Council of St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences , The Contours of the Future in the Context of the World s Cultural Deve­ К65 lopment : the 18th International Likhachov Scientific Conference, May 17–19, 2018. – St. Pe ters burg : SPbUHSS, 2018. – 242 p., il. ISBN 978­5­7621­0992­5 This collection contains materials of the 18th International Likhachov Scientific Conference held on May 17–19, 2018 in St. Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin “On Perpetuating the Memo­ ry of D. S. Likhachov”. On the list of the participants of the 18th Conference were guests from over 20 countries. Among the 68 authors of the collection are outstanding Russian scientists, members of the Rus­ sian Academy of Sciences: I. О. Abramova, S. Yu. Glazyev, Al. A. Gromyko, A. A. Guseynov, A. S. Zapesotsky, V. L. Kvint, G. B. Kleiner, А. V. Kuznetsov, V. A. Lektorsky, A. G. Lisitsyn­Svet­ lanov, V. L. Makarov, V. V. Mironov, V. V. Naumkin, A. D. Nekipelov, R. I. Nigmatulin, V. S. Styo­ pin, V. А. Tishkov, Zh. T. Toshchenko, L. L. Fituni, V. A. Chereshnev and others; directors of acade­ mic institutions and research centers, representatives of higher education institutions, well­known state and public figures, media leaders: R. Zh. Alyautdinov, Director of the Department for Humani­ tarian Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; G. A. Hajiyev, Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; M. S. Gusman, First De puty Director Gene­ ral of TASS Russian News Agency; A. S. Maksimov, Chairman of the Committee for Science and Higher Education of St. Petersburg Administration; V. K. Mamontov, Director Gene ral of Govorit Moskva (Moscow Speaking) radio station; H. M. Reznik, Vice­President of the Fede ral Chamber of Lawyers; V. T. Tretyakov, Dean of Higher School of Television of Lomonosov Moscow State University; М. V. Shmakov, Chairman of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia; A. V. Yakovenko, Ambassador of the Russian Federation to the United Kingdom; prominent represen­ tatives of the sphere of culture and art and others. Among the foreign authors of the collection are: Sh. Aziz, Prime minister of Pakistan (2004– 2007); A. A. Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005), academician; E. Bağış, Minister of Euro­ pean Union Affairs of Turkey (2009–2013); P. Bülbüloğlu, Ambassador of Azerbaijan to the Rus­ sian Federation; J. Wiatr, Minister of National Education of Poland (1996–1997); M. Dell'Ambrogio, Minister of Education and Research of Switzerland; G. W. Kolodko, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance of Poland (1994–1997, 2002–2003), aca demician; J. A. March, Ambassador of Spain to the Russian Federation (2008–2011); M. A. Moratinos Cuyaube, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain (2004–2010); M. Sanayee, Ambassador of Iran to the Russian Federation; M. Harputlu, Governer of Alanya (Turkey); members of foreign academies of sciences: V. Prodanov (Bulgaria), P. P. Tolochko (Ukraine); professors: A. Bebler (Slovenia), P. Dutkiewicz (Canada), V. Ingimundarson (Iceland), H. Köchler (Austria), R. Lewis and R. Matthews (Great Britain), J. A. Scholte (Sweden) and others. President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin highly appreciated the role of the Likhachov Con­ ference: “The organizers and participants of the Conference keep the established traditions alive and pay the most serious attention to challenging pivotal issues of development of civilization and dia­ logue of cultures”. ББК 72 ISBN 978-5-7621-0992-5 © SPbUHSS, 2018 DECREE OF PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ‘ON PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF DMITRY SERGEYEVICH LIKHACHOV’ Given D. S. Likhachov’s outstanding contribution to the deve lopment of the home science and culture I enact: 1. the Government of the Russian Federation should: – establish two personal grants in honour of D. S. Likhachov at the rate of 400 roubles each for university students from the year 2001 and to define the procedure of conferring them; – work out the project of D. S. Likhachov’s gravestone on a com­ petitive basis together with the Government of St. Petersburg; – consider the issue of making a film devoted to D. S. Likhachov’s life and activities. 2. the Government of St. Petersburg should: – name one of the streets in St. Petersburg after D. S. Likhachov; – consider the issue of placing a memorial plate on the building of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Scien­ ce (Pushkin’s House); – guarantee the work on setting up D. S. Likhachov’s gravestone in prescribed manner. 3. According to the suggestion from the Russian Academy of Scien­ ce the Likhachov Memorial Prizes of the Russian Academy of Science should be established for Russian and foreign scientists for their out­ standing contribution to the research of literature and culture of an cient Russia, and the collected writings of the late Academician should be published. 4. According to the suggestion from St. Petersburg Intel li­ gentsia Congress the International Likhachov Scientific Confe­ rence should be annually held on the Day of the Slavonic Let­ ters and Culture. VLADIMIR PUTIN, President of the Russian Federation Moscow, the Kremlin, May 23, 2001 GREETINGS OF VLADIMIR PUTIN TO THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIKHACHOV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE Dear Friends! I’d like to welcome you on the occasion of the 17th International Likhachov Scientific Conference that opens today. Your meetings have become an important, expected event in the public life of St. Peters­ burg and the whole country. It’s encouraging that in all those years organizers and participants of the Conference have been keeping alive the established traditions, paying most serious attention to important, basic issues referring to civilization development and dialogue of cultures. They fol­ low the precepts of the great humanist and educator Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov. I’m sure that this forum will work creatively and constructively, will be remembered for inter­ esting, productive discussions, informal and really friendly atmosphere. I wish you every success. President of the Russian Federation V. PUTIN May 18, 2017 Dear Friends! Greetings to you all on the occasion of the opening of the International Likhachov Scientific Con­ ference, which has been held in our Northern Capital for many years now. Your authoritative forum, bringing together the elite of the Russian and global intelligentsia, prominent scientists and cultural figures, has truly become a cornerstone event and grand tradition in the country’s public and spiritual life. Importantly, the meeting agenda always tackles the most pressing humanitarian and civilizational problems that are of such critical importance to Russia’s present and future. Today, you have convened to discuss such a fundamental topic as “Modern Global Challenges and National Interests”, share your experience, and tally the results of joint projects. I am confi­ dent that the proposals and recommendations formulated in the course of the Conference will fur­ ther the careful preservation of our national cultural heritage and the advancement of the humani­ tarian ideas of Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov. I wish everyone productive, mutually­beneficial discussions, much success and all the very best. President of the Russian Federation V. PUTIN May 16, 2016 Dear Friends! I am happy to welcome you in St. Petersburg and to congratulate you on the opening of the 12th Likhachov Conference. Your forum is an important event in the social life of Russia and of a number of foreign coun­ tries. It traditionally brings together representatives of scientific and artistic communities and com­ petent experts. Under globalization, the issues of extending the dialogue of cultures, preventing ethno­con­