WORLD MAPPING OF ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS IN THE DAIRY SECTOR WORLD MAPPING OF ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS IN THE DAIRY SECTOR WORLD MAPPING OF ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS IN THE DAIRY SECTOR Animal feeding is the first step in the production of milk and affects the rest of the production chain. Information on feeding systems is necessary for estimating the environmental impact of the livestock sector; for developing diets and feeding strategies to reduce the carbon footprint and to optimize milk composition; for enhancing animal productivity, health and welfare; for increasing the quality and safety of animal products; and for improving economic sustainability of milk production. Three partner organizations (IDF, FAO and IFCN) undertook separate but complementary approaches to map dairy feeding systems in the world. This report builds a knowledge foundation for animal feeding systems to serve as a valuable resource for the dairy sector and connected chain partners. It can be used both to compare and improve feeding systems already in use by examining the success of similar systems from around the world and for the development of new feeding systems. FAO FOOD AND AGRIcuLTuRE ORGANIzATION OF ThE uNITED NATIONS (FAO) www.fao.org WORLD MAPPING OF INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATION (IDF) IDF www.fil-idf.org ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS IFCN IFcN DAIRY RESEARch NETWORk (IFcN) www.ifcndairy.org IN THE DAIRY SECTOR WORLD MAPPING OF ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS IN THE DAIRY SECTOR Published by FOOD AND AGRIcuLTuRE ORGANIzATION OF ThE uNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATION IFcN DAIRY RESEARch NETWORk The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of the International Dairy Federation (IDF) or the IFCN Dairy Research Network (IFCN) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or IDF or IFCN in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO, or IDF or IFCN. FAO and IDF encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and IDF as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s and IDF’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected] © FAO and IDF, 2014 ISBN 978-92-5-108459-5 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108461-8 (PDF) Citation: FAO, IDF and IFCN. 2014. World mapping of animal feeding systems in the dairy sector. Rome. TAblE Of cONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................................................................ix 1. INTRODuCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Global overview oF animal FeedinG systems .......................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Foundation For the Future ...........................................................................................................................................................................2 1.3. Report construction .......................................................................................................................................................................................3 2. MAPPING OF ANIMAL FEEDING SYSTEMS A SYNTHESIS Of RESulTS ObTAINED uSINg THREE COmPlEmENTARY APPROACHES .................................... 5 2.1. MappinG oF FeedinG and other related parameters ......................................................................................................................6 2.1.1. STOCkINg RATE ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 2.1.2. AvERAgE mIlk YIElD ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 2.1.3. PERCENTAgE Of ROugHAgE ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................8 2.1.4. PERCENTAgE Of CONCENTRATES ......................................................................................................................................................................................................9 2.1.5. PERCENTAgE Of PROCESSED fEED ................................................................................................................................................................................................10 2.2. appinG oF FeedinG baskets .......................................................................................................................................................................11 2.2.1. CATTlE, lACTATINg .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 2.2.2. CATTlE, DRY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 2.2.3. buffAlOES, lACTATINg .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 2.2.4. buffAlOES, DRY ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 2.2.5. gOATS, lACTATINg ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 2.2.6. gOATS, DRY ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17 2.2.7. SHEEP, lACTATINg ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.2.8. SHEEP, DRY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 3. DIvERSITY OF FEEDING SCHEMES, FEED CONSuMPTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY AN APPROACH uSED bY THE INTERNATIONAl DAIRY fEDERATION ...............................................................21 3.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................................21 3.2. IDF methods ........................................................................................................................................................................................................22 3.2.1. ExPERT SuRvEY TOOl .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 3.2.2. DATA vAlIDATION ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 3.3. Survey results .................................................................................................................................................................................................25