Draft Crawley Borough Local Plan 2021 – 2037 January 2021 For Submission Publication Consultation: January – February 2021 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 1 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 2 PAGE CONTENTS: NUMBER: Foreword 7 1. Crawley’s Local Plan 9 o Current Stage of Consultation & Local Plan Timetable 9 o Preparation of Evidence Base 11 o Sustainability Appraisal 12 o Infrastructure Plan 13 o Local Plan Map 13 o Duty to Cooperate 13 o Monitoring and Review 14 o Supporting Guidance Documents 15 o Key Diagram 16 Crawley: A Vision 17 2. Crawley Borough Local Plan 18 o Spatial Context 18 o Planning Policy Context 26 3. Sustainable Development 29 SD1 Presumption in Favour of Sustainable Development 29 SD2 Enabling Healthy Lifestyles and Wellbeing 30 WELLBEING & COMMUNITIES 35 4. Character, Landscape & Development Form 36 CL1 Neighbourhood Principle 39 CL2 Making Successful Places – Principles of Good Urban Design 40 CL3 Movement Patterns, Layout and Sustainable Urban Design 44 CL4 Compact Development – Layout, Scale and Appearance 46 CL5 Development Briefs and Masterplanning 48 CL6 Structural Landscaping 50 CL7 Important and Valued Views 51 CL8 Development Outside the Built-Up Area 53 CL9 High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 56 5. Design & Development Requirements 58 DD1 Normal Requirements of All New Development 59 DD2 Inclusive Design 62 DD3 Standards for All New Dwellings (including conversions) 63 DD4 Tree Replacement Standards 66 DD5 Aerodrome Safeguarding 67 DD6 Advertisements 68 DD7 Crossovers 69 6. Heritage 71 HA1 Heritage Assets 72 HA2 Conservation Areas 74 HA3 Areas of Special Local Character 76 HA4 Listed Buildings and Structures 77 HA5 Locally Listed Buildings 78 HA6 Historic Parks and Gardens 79 HA7 Heritage Assets of Archaeological Interest 81 7. Open Space, Sport & Recreation 83 OS1 Open Space, Sport and Recreation 83 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 3 PAGE CONTENTS: NUMBER: OS2 Provision of Open Space and Recreational Facilities 86 OS3 Rights of Way and Access to the Countryside 88 8. Infrastructure Provision 91 IN1 Infrastructure Provision 91 IN2 The Location and Provision of New Infrastructure 93 IN3 Supporting High Quality Communications 94 ECONOMIC GROWTH & SOCIAL MOBILITY 96 9. Economic Growth 97 EC1 Sustainable Economic Growth 99 EC2 Economic Growth in Main Employment Areas 103 EC3 Manor Royal 106 EC4 Strategic Employment Location 109 EC5 Employment and Skills Development 114 EC6 High Quality Office Provision 117 EC7 Hotel and Visitor Accommodation 119 EC8 Evening and Night-Time Economy 120 EC9 Supporting the Creative Industries 122 EC10 Flexible Temporary Art and Creative Uses 123 EC11 Employment Development and Residential Amenity 123 EC12 Neighbourhood Centres 125 EC13 Rural Economy 126 10. Gatwick Airport 128 GAT1 Development of the Airport with a Single Runway 130 GAT2 Safeguarded Land 131 GAT3 Gatwick Airport Related Parking 133 GAT4 Employment Uses at Gatwick 134 11. Crawley Town Centre 136 TC1 Primary Shopping Area 137 TC2 Town Centre Neighbourhood Facilities 139 TC3 Town Centre Key Opportunity Sites 141 TC4 Active and Engaging Frontages 142 TC5 Town Centre First 143 HOUSING 147 12. Housing Delivery 148 H1 Housing Provision 155 H2 Key Housing Sites 158 H3 Housing Typologies 164 H3a Housing Typologies: Estate Regeneration 165 H3b Housing Typologies: Densification, Infill Opportunities and 166 Small Sites H3c Housing Typologies: Town Centre Residential Sites 167 H3d Housing Typologies: Upward Extensions 168 H3e Housing Typologies: Conversions from Commercial/Non- 169 Residential Uses H3f Housing Typologies: Open Spaces 170 13. Meeting Housing Needs 172 H4 Future Housing Mix 173 H5 Affordable Housing 175 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 4 PAGE CONTENTS: NUMBER: H6 Build to Rent 179 H7 Self and Custom Build 181 H8 Gypsy, Traveller and Travelling Showpeople Sites 182 H9 Houses in Multiple Occupation 184 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 186 14. Green Infrastructure & Biodiversity 187 GI1 Green Infrastructure 187 GI2 Biodiversity Sites 191 GI3 Biodiversity and Net Gain 194 GI4 Local Green Space 198 15. Sustainable Design & Construction 199 SDC1 Sustainable Design and Construction 200 SDC2 District Energy Networks 204 SDC3 Tackling Water Stress 207 16. Environmental Protection 211 EP1 Development and Flood Risk 212 EP2 Flood Risk Guidance for Householder Development and Minor 215 Non-Residential Extensions EP3 Land and Water Quality 217 EP4 Development and Noise 218 EP5 Air Quality 220 EP6 External Lighting 223 17. Sustainable Transport 224 ST1 Development and Requirements for Sustainable Transport 224 ST2 Car and Cycle Parking Standards 226 ST3 Improving Rail Stations 227 ST4 Safeguarding of a Search Corridor for a Crawley Western Link 228 Road Appendix A: Sustainability Objectives 231 Appendix B: Supporting Guidance Documents 233 Background Studies and Evidence Base Documents 237 Glossary 241 Definitions 241 Abbreviations 255 Planning Obligations Annex 257 Parking Standards Annex 277 Noise Annex 286 Housing Trajectory 1 September 2020 295 Employment Land Trajectory 1 September 2020 299 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 5 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 6 Foreword Planning affects us all. The homes we live in, the places we work, the open spaces where we relax and the roads we travel on are all a result of planning decisions that have been made. Crawley Borough Council is revising the Local Plan in order to help to guide development in Crawley over the Plan period from 2021 – 2037. To meet the needs of its growing population and its key economic role at the heart of the Gatwick Diamond, by 2037 Crawley would need to provide 12,000 more homes, generating approximately 20,500 new jobs. In the past, Crawley’s growth has mainly been through the creation of entire new neighbourhoods, and commercial development at Manor Royal. However, Forge Wood is the last full neighbourhood which can be built within the borough boundary as there is simply no space left. Most of the large sites have been built out on Manor Royal, with many having been redeveloped. We are, therefore, facing the challenge of incorporating additional and higher density development within our existing neighbourhoods, within Manor Royal, and within the town centre. We are also seeking to consider if other land within the borough can come forward appropriately to help meet identified needs. This Local Plan aims to manage this change to ensure we do as much as we can to meet the housing and employment needs of our growing population whilst retaining the important character and features of the town which our residents, businesses and visitors value. The Plan’s policies seek to secure high quality of design, with new development providing decent and affordable new homes and attractive workspaces whilst protecting the amenity and wellbeing of existing residents. It also aims to ensure new development is sustainable in location and construction, and promotes public transport, cycling and walking. Even with further development within the borough, Crawley will not be able to meet its housing needs in full because of its small size and constraints including flooding and aircraft noise. Therefore, we are reliant on effective cooperation with our neighbouring authorities to help address Crawley’s unmet needs. New development may come forward just outside Crawley’s boundaries, and this Plan seeks to ensure these developments will meet the needs of Crawley’s residents, including for affordable housing, will follow Crawley’s sustainable neighbourhood principle, and will provide the infrastructure they need to ensure they don’t become a burden on the town. This document is the draft new Local Plan which the council considers to be legally compliant and ‘sound’, and is available for full final public consultation ahead of its submission to central government for its independent examination. I encourage you to respond. Councillor Peter Smith Cabinet Member for Planning and Economic Development Crawley Borough Council CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 7 CRAWLEY BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2021 – 2037 SUBMISSION CONSULTATION DRAFT JANUARY 2021 8 Crawley’s Local Plan 1.1 The draft Crawley Local Plan Review seeks to revise the current adopted Crawley 2030 Local Plan in order to update it in accordance with national policies and local changes. This will ensure Crawley maintains an up-to-date Local Plan to support and direct the growth of the borough. The Local Plan is an important document which sets the way forward for planning the future of Crawley – where we live, work and visit – for the next 15 years. The Crawley Borough Local Plan Review has involved engagement with residents, businesses and other stakeholders throughout its production. The Local Plan provides a clear indication of the council’s approach to the development of the town, including helping to support the delivery of key priorities: wellbeing and communities, economic growth and social mobility, housing delivery and environmental sustainability. 1.2 This document forms the Submission draft Crawley Borough Local Plan and is published for public consultation. It contains the emerging draft strategic and non- strategic planning policies and principles to help shape