University of Regina iNis-mf—13125 __ CA9200098 Prairie Justice Research Bibliography on Saskatchewan Uranium Inquiries and The Northern and Global Impact of the Uranium Industry :• IN THF PimhlC INTEREST BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SASKATCHEWAN URANIUM INQUIRIES AND THE NORTHERN AND GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE URANIUM INDUSTRY Jim Harding, B.A. (Hons.), M.A., Ph.D. Director, Prairie Justice Research Beryl Forgay, B.Ed., B.HE., M.A. Research Officer, Prairie Justice Research Mary Gianoli, B.Ed. Research Co-ordinator, Prairie Justice Research Cover Design: Rick Coffin Published by PRAIRIE JUSTICE RESEARCH 1988 SERIES: IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (Research Report No. 1) Published by: Prairie Justice Research Room 515 Library Building University of Regina Regina, Saskatchewan Canada S4S OA2 Cataloguing in Publication Data Harding, Jim, 1941- Bibliography on Saskatchewan uranium inquiries and the northern and global impact of the uranium industry ISBN 0-7731-0052-0 I. Uranium mines and mining - Environmental aspects - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. 2. Uranium industry - Environmental aspects - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. 3. Uranium industry - Government policy - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. I. Forgay. Beryl, 1926- II. University of Regina. Prairie Justice Research. III. Title. Z6738.U7H37 1986 016.3637'384 C86-091166-: ISBN 0-7731-0135 (Set) This is a publication of Prairie Justice Research at the University of Regina. Prairie Justice Research is funded by an operating contract with the Ministry of the Solicitor General and has the capacity to conduct socio-legal research for a diverse range of constituencies. For further informaiton contact: Dr. Jim Harding Director Prairie Justice Research Library Building University of Regina Regina, Saskatchewan Canada S4S 0A2 (306) 584-4064 NOTE: This research project was funded through "Human Context of Science and Technology" strategic grants of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. It is our hope that this publication will be of value to those committed to a better understanding of the nature and implications of uranium mining, alternatives to uranium mining, and the general human context of science and technology. The Cover Design Saskatchewan is now at the centre of the uranium industry in the world. Saskatchewan uranium is used in nuclear reactors in the United States, Western Europe, Japan and Scandinavia as well as some other countries. It has been used in the United States' and United Kingdom's nuclear weapons programs. The controversy about whether or not Saskatchewan uranium is used for nuclear weapons production, especially by the United States and France, continues into the 1980s. Since this research project is about the human context of uranium mining, the cover design symbolizes the historical and contemporary contro- versy about the destinations and end-uses of Saskachewan's uranium. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PART 1. PUBLIC INQUIRIES: URANIUM AND OTHER 8 1.1 CLUFF LAKE BOARD OF INQUIRY, SASKATCHEWAN 8 1.2 ELDORADO URANIUM REFINERY RURAL MUNICIPALITY OF CORMAN PARK, SASKATCHEWAN: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REVIEW PANEL 12 1.3 KEY LAKE BOARD OF INQUIRY, SASKATCHEWAN 14 1.4 ALL SASKATCHEWAN URANIUM INQUIRIES 16 1.5 OTHER PUBLIC INQUIRIES 16 1.6 ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC INQUIRY PROCESS 20 PART 2. URANIUM/NUCLEAR INDUSTRY 23 2.1 SASKATCHEWAN 23 2.1.1 The Uranium Industry 23 2.1.2 The Regulatory System 28 2.1.3 Cluff Lake Phase II 30 2.1.4 Environmental/Occupational Concerns 31 2.1.5 Key Lake Mining Corporation 34 2.1.6. Cigar Lake 35 2.2 CANADA 36 2.3 GLOBAL 39 2.3.1 General Information 39 2.3.2 Environmental, Occupational and/or Military Concerns ... 41 PART 3. REFERENCES ON OTHER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ABORIGINAL CONCERNS 47 3.1 NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT ISSUES 47 3.2 ABORIGINAL RIGHTS/LAND CLAIMS 50 3.3 OTHER INDIGENOUS ISSUES 52 3.4 OTHER CANADIAN AND GLOBAL REFERENCES 57 PART 4. METHODOLOGICAL REFERENCES 59 4.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 59 4.2 CONTENT ANALYSIS 62 4.3 OTHER 64 PART 5. TBEORETICAL REFERENCES S6 5.1 ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 66 5.2 ENERGY ANALYSIS 69 5.3 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 71 5.4 SOCIAL JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT 74 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This bibliography was compiled with the assistance of grants given by Human Context of Science and Technology (HCST), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) to study Saskatchewan Uranium Mining Inquiries. These grants included a seed grant awarded December 1982, a strategic grant for a pilot study awarded February 1984, and a strategic grant awarded December 1984 to undertake a full content and structural analysis of Saskatchewan uranium mining inquiry transcripts. Special thanks are due to: Ingrid Alesich who helped collect materials during the first year of the project; to Sharon Moryski, Linda Bradley, Trish Sailer and Kathy Chermishnuk for the word processing; also to Gillian Minifie of Canadian Plains Research Center for advice on publication details and style; and to Rick Coffin for cover design. INTRODUCTION Background to Bibliography In recent years Saskatchewan, Canada has become the major site for the expansion of the world-wide uranium industry. Largely due to the higher concentration of ore in the province and reduced exploitation elsewhere, by 1984 Canada had become the world's leading non-communist producer of uranium. This expansion has remained one of the most controversial political and ecological issues in Saskatchewan for nearly a decade. What follows is a comprehensive bibliography on the Saskatchewan uranium mining inquiries that paralleled the growth of this industry in the province and on the northern and global impact of the uranium industry. It is the culmination of more than three years of research including in-depth content analysis of transcripts of uranium mining inquiries held in Saskatchewan between 1977-1980. Sources of Reference Materials The scope of the search for relevant materials included literature on social and environmental impact assessment methodology; the debate on renewable and non-renewable energy; development and under-development theories; consideration about technology and development; and content analysis methodology. A computerized bibliographic search was completed using the data bases of the Boreal Northern Institute at the University of Calgary, government publications (CODOC), sociological abstracts, the Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), and the U.S. Political Science Documents. These searches provided references on social impact, northern Canada, and development issues. Only a few research Items on human services in the north and on community- based impact assessment were located. Another computerized bibliographic search was done in an effort to expand the literature related to content analysis. Psychological and sociological abstracts and the Public Affairs Information Services (PAIS) were searched under the following key words: social values and public policy; social values and public opinion; environmental policy and public opinion; and content analysis and social values. Because of the close proximity of uranium mines to northern native communities, further bibliographic searching on the impact of uranium mining on aboriginal rights and land claims was done. The following databases were searched under the terms uranium mining and native indian/indigenous/aborigi- nal people: Social SciSearch (SSCI), Sociological Abstracts, PAIS Inter- national, US Political Sci. Documents, Pollution Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Occupational Safety and Health, Environmental Bibliography, Energyline, Geo- archive and Georef. Bibliographies and reference lists in materials located through the searches were also reviewed for relevant citations useful to the research project. These were then included in the bibliography. Many of the references on the uranium industry are to primary materials such as legislation, lease agreements and documentation on public inquiries. Some of the citations are to unpublished material such as correspondence and reports from the personal files of the researchers or others who have an interest in the subject of the bibliography. Location of Reference Materials The transcripts, reports, and other holdings for the three Saskatchewan uranium inquiries can be located in the following places. Clutf Lake Board of Inquiry, 1977 Two copies of the Transcripts and the Final Report are housed in Government Publications, Main Library, University of Regina, Call No. CA2SA EN 85. Federal Environmental Assessment Review of Eldorado Uranium Refinery R.M. of Corman Park, Saskatchewan, 1980 One copy of Hearing Transcripts, Written Presentations, and the Final Report are housed in Government Publications, Main Library, University of Regina, Call No. CA1 EP 20 80. Key Lake Board of Inquiry, 1980 One copy of daily summaries of Procedural and Overview Hearings, Informal Hearings, and Formal Hearings, as well as the Final Report and Summary of Final Report are housed in Government Publications, Main Library, University of Regina. Full transcripts of the Key Lake hearings are housed in the Saskatchewan Legislative Library, Regina. Call No. CA2SA EN 105. Unpublished References Many of the unpublished references are housed, under the headings used herein, at: Prairie Justice Research (PJR), Uranium Inquiry Collection, Resource Room, 515 Library Building, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatche- wan, S4S OA2. Unpublished references are also available from the Inter-Church Uranium Committee Library (ICUC), c/o Box 7724, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7K