2015 The Foundations of Global Governance and Order Professor Amitav Acharya The study of global governance and order is one of the most critical subjects for international relations scholars and policy communities today. With the ongoing global power shift, the concept and practice of global governance and order are changing. This course examines the evolution of the liberal international order that underpins the existing system of global governance, and the challenges that order faces in view of the rise of new powers such as the BRICS which has led to the demands for reforming existing global institutions. A key purpose of the course is to highlight the contribution of non- Western actors to global governance and order-building. Also addressed in the course is the growing nexus between regional and global approaches to governance and multilateralism, resulting in different and contrasting patterns of interaction and cooperation within and between regions. In conclusion, the course focuses on the future of global order and governance in an increasingly multipolar or multiplex world. Text Books Amitav Acharya, The End of American World Order (Cambridge: Polity 2014). (Students are required to buy this book and borrow from the library). Amitav Acharya, Rethinking Power, Institutions and Ideas in World Politics: Whose IR (New York: Routledge 2013) (Relevant chapters are available at the e-learning site) Assignment: Class room presentation and participation: 30% Research Essay 5000 words: 70% The research essay must focus on a case study of an idea or contribution from a non-Western actor or actors to any of the following areas: human rights, development, humanitarian intervention, global order, security, and environmental protection. Actors can be individuals, leaders, countries and civil society leaders or groups but not regional or global institutions. You can draw from the colonial and post-colonial histories of non-Western countries. The idea or contribution must be original and and you must demonstrate how this contribution is significant for global or regional governance. You should discuss with me your case study before you start your research. In the conclusion, you must demonstrate where and how the contribution fits the notion of agency in global governance and order. Topics and Readings Note on readings: Masters students may read only the starred readings. Ph D students must read all required readings. 1. What is Global Governance, Whose Global Order? (The current system of global governance was founded in the post-World War II period within a liberal international order which in turn is underpinned by US hegemony/predominance. In this class, we look at the origins and evolution of that order and its main features) Required Reading Amitav Acharya, “Rethinking Demand, Purpose and Progress in Global Governance: An Introduction,” in in Amitav Acharya ed. Why Govern? Rethinking Demand, Purpose and Progress in Global Governance (forthcoming). 1 John G. Ruggie, “Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution”, International Organization, vol.46, no.3 (June 1992): 561-598. G. John Ikenberry, Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010): Ch. 2 3,5 Amitav Acharya, The End of American World Order, Ch. 1, 2, 3 Henry Kissinger, World Order (New York: Penguin 2014) Introduction and Chapters 1 and 2 Miles Kahler, “Who is Liberal Now? Rising Powers and Global Norms” Paper Presented to the Conference on Why Govern: Rethinking Demand, Purpose and Progress in Global Governance (TRANSCEND: American University, October 4-5, 2013). Further Reading Duncan Snidal, “The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory,” International Organization, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Autumn 1985), pp. 579-614. Isabelle Grunberg, “Exploring the "Myth" of Hegemonic Stability,” International Organization, Vol. 44, No.4 (Autumn 1990), pp. 431-477. 2. Agency and Power in Global Governance and Order (What is agency in global governance and world order? Material and ideational dimensions of agency; the role of the US, the Wes and non-Western countries in global governance and order. Were they passive actors or active contributors? What were the modalities of their contribution?) Required Reading John Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006): Ch. 2,3,4. Amitav Acharya, “Contesting Structure, Constructing Order,” in Acharya, Constructing Global Order: Sovereignty, Security and the Limits to Universality (Manuscript). Christian Reus-Smit, “Building the Liberal International Order: Locating American Agency,” Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington,DC, 28-31 August 2014. Mohammed Ayoob, “The Third World in the System of States: Acute Schizophrenia or Growing Pains?” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 33, No.1 (1989): 67-79. Special Section on “Principles from the Periphery: The Neglected Southern Sources of Global Norms.” Global Governance, Vol. 20, No. 3 (2014): 359-417. (Essays by Kathryn Sikkink, Martha Finnemore and Michele Jurovitz, Eric Helleiner and Amitav Acharya) Further Reading Amitav Acharya, Rethinking Power, Institutions and Ideas in World Politics: Whose IR (New York: Routledge 2013): Ch. 1 (“International relations Theories and Western Dominance: Reassessing the Foundations of International Order”). 2 3. From Universal Sovereignty to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) (How did the diffusion of universal sovereignty take place in the international system? Was it merely a case of the “expansion of international society”? Or was it based on contestation, localization and extension of the principles of sovereignty? Who are the agents of transition from non-intervention to R2P? Required Reading Christian Reus-Smit, Individual Rights and the Making of the International System (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013): Ch.1 (“The Expansion of the International System”) Amitav Acharya, “Norm Subsidiarity and Regional Orders: Sovereignty, Regionalism and Rule Making in the Third World,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 55, No.1 (2011), pp. 95–123. Ramesh Thakur and Thomas G. Weiss, “R2P: From Idea to Norm—and Action?”, Global Responsibility to Protect 1:1 (January–March 2009), pp. 22–53. Amitav Acharya, “The R2P and Norm Diffusion: Towards A Framework of Norm Circulation,” GR2P Journal, Vol. 5, No, 4 (2013), Special issue: R2P and International Theory Further Reading Amitav Acharya, “State Sovereignty after 9/11: Disorganized Hypocrisy?,” Political Studies, Vol. 55, No.2 (Summer 2007): 274–96. The Responsibility to Protect, Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Available at: http://www.iciss.ca/report-en.asp Video: “U.N. Security Council Meeting on Libya,” Mar 17, 2011 C-SPAN, (1 hour 3 min), http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/UNSecur Jennifer Welsh, “Civilian Protection in Libya: Putting Coercion and Controversy Back to R2P,”Ethics and International Affairs, Vol.25, No. 3 (September 2011), pp. 255 – 262. Alex J. Bellamy, “Libya and the Responsibility to Protect: The Exception and the Norm,” Ethics and International Affairs, Vol.25, No. 3 (September 2011 ), pp. 263-269. 4. International Development and Global Economic Governance: Ideas and Institutions (The origins of international development idea. Foundation of international economic institutions; global governance trends and reform in trade and finance) Required Reading Eric Helleiner, “Southern Pioneers of International Development,” Global Governance, Vol. 20 (2014): 375–388. Joseph E. Stiglitz, “Some lessons from the East Asian miracle,” The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 11, No. 2 (August 1996): 151-77 3 Khadija Haq, “Mahbub ul Haq: The Pioneer of Human Development Approach of Economic Growth.” (Novembr 2011). Andrés Solimano, “Can Reforming Global Institutions Help Developing Countries Share More in the Benefits from Globalization?” (Washington, DC: The World Bank). Available at: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-2518 Susan Sell, “Trade”, in Amitav Acharya ed. Why Govern? Rethinking Demand, Purpose and Progress in Global Governance (forthcoming). Eric Helleiner, “Finance” in Amitav Acharya ed. Why Govern? Rethinking Demand, Purpose and Progress in Global Governance (forthcoming). Further Reading Eric Helleiner, The Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods: International Development and the Making of the Postwar Order (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 2014): pp.1-28 (“International Development and the North-South Dialogue of Bretton Woods”) Bruce Currie-Alder, Ravi Kanbur, David M. Malone, and Rohinton Medhora, “The State of Development Thought,” Working Paper 2013-13, Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York , March 2013: Available at: http://dyson.cornell.edu/research/researchpdf/wp/2013/Cornell-Dyson-wp1313.pdf Joseph L. Love, “Raul Prebisch and the Origins of the Doctrine of Unequal Exchange,” Latin American Research Review, Vol. 15, No. 3 (1980): 45-72. Paul Krugman, “The Myth of Asia's Miracle,” Foreign Affairs (December 1994): http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/50550/paul-krugman/the-myth-of-asias-miracle 5. Human Rights and Human Security (Are human rights peculiarly Western? Are the non-Western countries passive targets of human rights norms? Where did the idea of human security come from? Is human security Freedom from Fear or Freedom from Want, or both?) Required