AGENCY PORWASHINGTON. INTERNATIONAL 0. C. 20521DEVELOPMENT FONLY BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET A..A. jrI..AP"I000A ATEMPORARYAM f (.1 ASSI. FICATION U. 5I 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Report and recommendations (of the Workshop) 3.A orksho p on Science and Technology in Development,Fusagasuga,Colombla,1968 4. DOCUMENT DATE S. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 19681 64p.I ARC C0330.9861.N277 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS NAS 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponeorlng Oh anlzat~onPubllee, Availability) (Contributed papers give th s jointly sponsored Colombla-U.S.Workshop,v.2 of the final Workshop report,avallable: PN-AAC-432) 9. ABSTRACT (ScI.& Tech. R&D) 10. CONTROL NUMBER 11. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-AAC-431 12. DESCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER 14. CONTRACT NUMBER CSD-1122 GTS IS. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID ,90-I 14.74) Report of the Colombia-U. S. Workshop on Science and Technology in Development February 26-March 1, 1968 FUSAGASUGA, COLOMBIA VOLUME I NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES In Cooperation with the COLOMBIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION This report records the topics discussed and conclusions reached at the Colombia-U.S. Workshop on Science and Technology in Develop­ ment held in FusagasugA, Colombia, February 26- March 1, 1968. It is compiled from reports of session rapporteurs, as well as staff notes. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and the Colombian Ministry of National Education, under contract AID/csd 1122. This report will be presented to the Science Organization Development Board of the National Academy of Sciences and to the Agency for International Development, as well as to interested institutions in Colombia. This workshop is part of a continuing study and pro­ gram of science organization and development in a number of countries, undertaken by the National Academy of Sciences. Report of the COLOMBIA - U.S. WORKSHOP ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT FusagasugA, Colombia February 26 - March 1, 1968 Volume I deport and Recommendations Office of the Foreign Secretary National Academy of Sciences In Cooperation with the Colombian Ministry of National Education NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Washington, D. C. Contents Page Participants . * , , * * , * * * * * . v Agenda . a 0 a 0 o 0 , o 0 ° 0 , ° ° , . , 0 0 . , ° o 0 a 0 0 ix Introduction * * . * . a . .. .. .. .. .. ... 1 Session Reports I. Science Policy and Economic Development....... 4 II. The Need for a Colombian Policy for Science and Technology . .. ... 16 Current Educational Research in Colombia • . 19 III. Technological Problems in Agricultural Development * e• , • . , . • 21 Non-Renewable Natural Resources . .. 24 Problems in the Development of Research .. 25 Advanced Technological Approaches to Education * • * a • . .. • . 30 IV. Technological Problems in Industrial Development e o * a @ . e a . 33 V. Discussion of Work Group Reports and Approval of Recommendations . a .. 37 VI. Closing Session .. .. .. .e 38 Recommendations I* Education . ..... .. .. ... 41 II. Agriculture and Natural Resources . 44 III* Industry e o • e e e * * e a a •. * * e * e e # .e. 46 IV. Policy for Science and Technology . .. .0. .. 48 Contributed Papers . ....... .a . 0000 . 53 Appendix I Newspaper Account of President Lleras' Remarks . 54 1.iii PARTICIPANTS Colombia Dr. Canuto Cardona (AGRICULTURE) Dr. Jesds Ramirez, S.J. Director (GEOPHYSICS) Colombian Agricultural Institute Director BogotA Colombian Andes Geophysics Institute Dr. Tulio Marulanda (NUCLEAR ENERGY) BogotA Executive Director Institute of Nuclear Affairs Dr. Dario Suescdn (NAT. RESOURCES) BogotA Director, Mineral Inventory and National Geological Service Dr. Oliverio Phillips (EIlGINEERING) Ministry of Mities Industrial Consultant BogotA BogotA Dr. Ramiro Tob6n (SCI. Dr. EDUCATION) Joaqufn Pifieros (UNIV. ADMIN.) Dean, Division of Sciences Executive Director Universidad del Valle Commission for Educational Exchange Cali BogotA Dr. Norton Young (FOOD TECHNOLOGY) Dr. Gabriel Poveda (INDUSTRY) Director Head, Technical Department Institute of Technological National Association of Industries Research BogotA BogotA Dr. Zven Zethelius (CHEMISTRY) Department of Chemistry National University of Colombia BogotA v PARTICIPANTS United States Dr. Dwight Brothers (ECONOMICS) Dr. Karl Folkers (CHEMISTRY) Associate Director President Harvard Development Advisory Service Stanford Research Institute Harvard University Menlo Park, California Cambridge, Massachusetts Mr. T. Keith Glennan Dr. Harrison Brown (GEOCHEMISTRY) (ENGINEERING) Foreign Secretary President National Academy of Sciences and Associated Universities, Inc. Division of Geological Sciences Washington, D. C. California Injtitute of Technology Pasadena, California Mr. Hans Landsberg (ECONOMICS) Director, Appraisals Program Dr. Stanley A. Cain (BOTANY) Resources for the Future, Inc. Assistant Secretary Washington, D. C. Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. Dr. George Waggoner (HIGHER EDUCATION) Dr. Carl DJerassi (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) Dean, College of Arts and Department of Chemistry Sciences Stanford University University of Kansas Stanford, California Lawrence, Kansas Mr. Carroll L. Wilson (ADMINISTRATION) Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts vi Special Guests From Colombia: Dr. Gabriel Betancur (EDUCATION) Dr. Luis Ospina (SOCIAL SCIENCE) Minister of National Education Director Bogotl Institute of Cultural Research Medellfn Dr. Rodrigo Botero (ECONOMICS) Presidential Economic Secretary Dr. Enrique Ruffat (EDUCATION) Bogotd Faculty of Education Universidad del Vaile Dr. Manuel Carvajal (INDUSTRY) Cali Carvajal and Company BogotA Dr. Jaime Sanfn (EDUCATION) Director Dr. Aurelio Cdspedes (EDUCATION) Colombian Association of Director General Universities Ministry of National Education BogotA BogotA Dr. Javier Toro (PLANNING) Dr. Gerardo Eusse (PUBLIC Head Director ADMINISTRATION) Human Resources Division Colombian Institute for Advanced N. :Lcnal Planning Department Training Abroad BogotA BogotA Dr. Rodrigo Uribe E. (INDUSTRY) Dr. Guillermo Guerra (ECONOMICS) President Economic Adviser Compaiiia Colombiana de Ministry of Agriculture Tejidos, S.A. Bogotg Medellfn Dr. Faustino Martfnez (INDUSTRY) President Colombian Association of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering BogotA From the United States: Ing. Alberto Ospina (ENGINEERING) Dr. William Bollay (ENGINEERING) Director Department of Aeronautical Foundation for Educational Development Engineering BogotA Stanford University Stanford, California vii Observers Dr. Marvin Weissman, Director, USAID Mission to Colombia Dr. James McDermott, Rural Development Officer, USAID Mr. William Rhoads, Assistant Director for Programs, USAID Dr. Edward Schten, Higher Education Adviser, USAID Dr. Foster Montgomery, Scientific Attachd, American Embassy Dr. Robert Waugh, Rockefeller Foundation, BogotA National Academy of Sciences Staff Miss Theresa Tdllez, Head, Latin American Affairs, Science Organization Development Staff Dr. Victor Rabinowitch, Deputy Director, Science Organization Development Staff Colombian Staff Ing. Alberto Ospina T. (Colombian Coordinator), Director, Foundation for Educational Development, BogotA Dr. Alberto Castaio (Social Activities), Private Secretary to the Minister of National Education, BogotA Dr. Josug Muioz (Administration), Director Institute of Sciences, BogotA Ing. Faustino Martfnez (Reports), President, Colombian Association of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering BogotA viii AGENDA Monday, February 26 SESSION I Chairman: Minister Betancur 4:00-8:00 p.m. Rapporteurs: Dr. George Waggoner Dr. Oliverio Phillips Science Policy and Economic Development Speakers: Dr. Harrison Brown Mr. Carroll Wilson Tuesday, February 27 SESSION II Chairman: Dr. Carl DJerassi 8:30 a.m.-12:30 Rapport:eurs: Mr. Keith Glennan p.m. Dr. Jaime Sanfn The Need for a Colombian Science Policy for Science and Technology Speaker: Minister Betancur Current Educational Research in Colombia Speakers: Dr. Aurelio Cdspedes Dr. Enrique Ruffat Dr. Javier Arias SESSION III Chairman: Dr. Stanley Cain 3:00-8:30 p.m. Rapporteurs: Mr. Hans Landsberg Dr. Norton Young Technological Problems in Aa icultural Development Speakers: Dr. Guillermo Guerra Dr. Canuto Cardona Non-Renewable Resources in Colombia Speaker: Dr. Dario Suescdn Problems in the Development of Research Speakers: Dr. Zven Zethelius Dr. Ramiro Tob6n SPECIAL SESSION Advanced Technological Approaches to Education 9:30 p.m. Speaker: Dr. William Bollay ix Wednesday, February 28 SESSION IV Chairman: Dr. Oliverio Phillips 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Rapporteurs: Dr. Dwight Brothers Dr. Faustino Martfnez Technolo2ical Problems in Industrial Development Speakers: Dr. Gabriel Poveda Dr. Manual Carvajal Dr. Rodrigo Uribe Dr. Karl Folkers WORK GROUP MEETINGS 1. Education 2:00-8:30 p.m. Dr. George Waggoner (Chairman) Dr. Gabriel Betancur Dr. Aurelio C4spedes Dr. Carl Djerassi Dr. Gerardo Eusse Mr. Keith Glennan Ing. Alberto Ospina Dr. Jaime Sanfn Dr. Edward Schten Dr. Ramiro Tob6n Dr. Zven Zethelius 2. Agriculture and Natural Resources Dr. Joaqufn Pifieros (Chairman) Dr. Harrison Brown Dr. Stanley Cain Dr. Canuto Cardona Mr. Hans Landsberg Dr. Tulio Marulanda Dr. Foster Montgomery Dr. Jesds Ramfrez Dr. Dario Suescdn Dr. Norton Young Dr. Robert Waugh 3. Industry Dr. Rodrigo Botero Dr. Dwight Brothers Dr. Manuel Carvajal Dr. Karl Folkers Dr. Faustino Martfnez Dr. Luis Ospina x 3. Industry (cont'd) Dr. Gabriel Poveda Dr. Rodrigo Uribe Mr. Carroll Wilson 4. Policy for Science and Technolo2gy Dr. Gabriel Betancur Dr. Harrison Brown