University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst International Conference on Engineering and International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage Ecohydrology for Fish Passage 2012 Jun 7th, 10:50 AM - 11:10 AM Session B7 - Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage Success Steven Leach Normandeau Associates, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference Leach, Steven, "Session B7 - Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage Success" (2012). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage. 5. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference/2012/June7/5 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Fish Passage Community at UMass Amherst at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Santee-Cooper: A Lock on Fish Passage A brief review of upstream passage of American shad In the Santee Cooper System, South Carolina Steve Leach Normandeau Associates, Inc. [email protected] Objective: To briefly describe the Santee Cooper, South Carolina system and outline American shad passage in the system by navigation lock and fish lock Cooper R. Santee R. History of the Santee-Cooper System • Large-scale anthropogenic perturbations • Santee Canal : 1800 -1850, first summit canal in U.S. • Santee-Cooper Project – Santee River Diversion – online 1942. Santee Dam Jefferies Station / 3,400 ft. long spillway Pinopolis Dam,130 MW 8 mi. long earthen dam rm 48 rm 89 Cooper River Fish Passage • Striped bass can live out their life cycle in freshwater1 • Santee Cooper striped bass preferentially prey on blueback herring2 • Blueback herring use the Pinopolis Lock for upstream passage3 • Since 1957, the lock has been operated in season specifically for fish passage (more on that in a couple of minutes) • But……… 1Scruggs, G.D., Jr. and J.J.C. Fuller. 1955. Indications of a freshwater population of striped bass, Rocus saxatillis (Walbaum), in Santee Cooper Reservoir. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners: 64-69. 2Stevens R.E. 1958. The striped bass of the Santee–Cooper Reservoir. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners 1: 253–264. 3Fuller J.C., Jr. 1955. Job Completion Report, Investigations Projects, Santee-Cooper Reservoirs. SCWRD, ……… • Santee River diversion = Charleston Harbor silt! • USACE proposes the Cooper River Rediversion Project – 1968 Cooper River Rediversion Project • Completed 1985 • Restored Santee R. flow to ~10,400 cfs • Included new canal with 84 MW powerhouse, and… • fishway designed into the dam – not retrofit! • St. Stephen ‘fish lock’ operational 1986 (more on that in a couple of minutes) • 37 mi. bypass reach • 2 powerhouses • 1 spillway Cooper River Fish Passage - Monitoring • Annual passage monitoring – hydroacoustic monitoring since 1975 • Species assemblage estimated by trammel net, electrofishing, and rotenone • Little attraction flow / exit flow • Milling of exiting fish verified by DIDSON • Growth of American shad recreational fishery – annual creel survey Pinopolis Lock, Cooper River, SC. Annual estimated biomass passed during spring monitoring period. 1,600 1,400 1,200 ) 1,000 Rediversion tonnes 800 Proportion of shad increased in the 600 1990’s + Biomass ( 400 200 0 Cooper River Fish Passage – Monitoring American Shad Radio Telemetry Study 2002, 2003 • To estimate efficiency of Pinopolis Lock in attracting and passing adult American shad 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 2002 Proportion (%) Proportion 0.50 2003 Normandeau Associates. 2003. Effectiveness of the Pinopolis Lock at attracting adult blueback herring and American shad, Spring 2003. Draft report prepared for Santee Cooper - South Carolina Public Service Authority. Cooper River Fish Passage – Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study Timko M.A., D. Cooke, T. Steig, and S. Leach 2003. Monitoring of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) and American shad (A. sapidissima) with acoustic tags at Pinopolis Locks, SC to assess fish passage under induced flow conditions., HTI., Seattle. Upstream gates Hydrophone levels Drain ports Cooper River Fish Passage – Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study Lock Plan View Downstream Upstream d n 200 E k c 220 o L s s o Lower r 240 c Doors A 260 Upper Doors t r a t Lock Side View S 80 60 ) t e e f ( Sill h 40 t p e D 20 Low pool water level 0 200 400 Moving Upstream (from left to right) (feet) Cooper River Fish Passage – Monitoring HTI 3D Telemetry Study Percent of American Shad Passed Upstream 100 90 80 Sturgeon Shad 70 Herring 60 50 40 Percent Passage Percent 30 20 10 11 2 24 0 Flow On Flow Off Overall Santee River / Rediversion Fish Passage Santee River / Rediversion Fish Passage Modifications Siphon fed attraction flow Entrance channel extensions Fish Diverter http://www.dnr.sc.gov/video/april07_video/april07video_stephen.html Annual Upstream Passage of American Shad St. Stephen Fish Lock 700 600 American shad ) 3 running average 500 400 300 200 Number Passed (x 10 Number Passed 100 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Year Santee River American Shad Landings (commercial) 200 180 160 ) 140 120 tonnes ( 100 first year of fish passage operations 80 Flow increased w/ rediversion Landings Landings 60 40 20 0 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 Year Cooke D.W., and S.D. Leach. 2003. Beneficial Effects of Increased River Flow and Upstream Fish Passage on Anadromous Alosine Stocks. American Fisheries Society Symposium 35:331–338, 2003 .