click for previous page Perciformes: Percoidei: Carangidae 1459 Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) AMB Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Greater amberjack; Fr - Sériole couronnée; Sp - Medregal coronado. Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, moderately shallow, and slightly compressed, with upper profile slightly more convex than lower. Upper jaw broad posteriorly (with broad supramaxilla with posterodorsal angle usually rounded) and extending to below about middle of eye.Teeth minute, in a broad band in upper and lower jaws.Gill rakers decreasing in number with growth;at sizes less than 20 cm fork length, 5 or 6 up- per, 15 or 16 lower, 18 to 24 total, at sizes larger than 20 cm fork length, about 11 to 19 total. Dorsal fin with 7 spines (seventh spine reduced and covered in fish larger than 60 cm fork length), followed by 1 spine and 29 to 34 soft rays; anal fin with 2 detached spines (these spines reduced or completely embedded in large fish), followed by 1 spine and 18 to 22 soft rays; second dorsal-fin lobe relatively short, contained 6.7 to 8.1 times in fork length;anal-fin base moderately short, contained 1.4 to 1.7 times in second dorsal-fin base;pel- vic fins longer than pectorals.Scales small and cycloid (smooth);no scutes.Caudal-peduncle grooves pres- ent. First pterygiophore of anal fin curved in specimens larger than about 10 cm fork length. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 14 caudal. Colour: bluish grey or olivaceous above, sides and belly silvery white, sometimes brownish or with a pinkish tinge; usually a dark nuchal band through eye to first dorsal-fin origin; often amber stripe from eye along middle of body;caudal fin dark or dusky with a lighter narrow posterior margin, ex- treme tip of lower caudal lobe sometimes light or white. Juveniles (2 to 17 cm fork length) with 5 dark body bands that become irregularly split vertically and a sixth band at the end of the caudal peduncle; body bands not extending onto dorsal and anal-fin membranes; the fins are generally clear. Size: Maximum to 80.6 kg and 188 cm total length (Bermuda); common from about 70 cm fork length at 2 kg to 110 cm fork length at 5 kg. All-tackle IGFA world angling record 70.64 kg. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Epibenthic and pelagic. Smaller fish (less than 3 kg) may be taken in shallow water (less than 10 m). Larger fish usually in 18 to 72 m and have been taken as deep as 360 m; often found on reefs or at deep offshore holes or drop-offs, usually in small or moderate-sized schools, but may be solitary.Ju- veniles associate with Sargassum or flotsam in oceanic and offshore neritic waters. Feeds primarily on fish and also invertebrates, and also takes live, dead, and artificial bait. Locally abundant and exploited commer- cially, but separate statistics are not reported. Main fishing gear are hydraulic reels and hand- lines (bottom-fished) and rod-and-reels (trolled and bottom-fished); also taken in traps. Sold fresh in Florida and Mexico; moderately good taste. Large individuals have been indicted in ciguatera poisoning in some areas of the West Indies and the Pacific Ocean. Distribution: In Western Atlantic known from Bermuda and Nova Scotia to Brazil. In the east- ern Atlantic from England to West Africa and the Mediterranean, also found in South Africa, Aus- tralia, China, Japan, and the Hawaiian Islands. 1460 Bony Fishes Seriola fasciata (Bloch, 1793) RLF Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Lesser amberjack; Fr - Sériole babiane; Sp - Medregal listado. Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, moderately deep, and slightly compressed, with upper profile slightly more convex than lower.Upper jaw moderately broad posteriorly (with moderate supramaxilla), and extending to below about anterior margin of pupil.Teethminute, in a band in upper and lower jaws.Gill rakers remaining constant in number with growth; 6 to 8 upper, 16 to 18 lower, and 23 to 26 total. Dorsal fin usually with 8 spines (first or eighth may be minute in large fish), followed by 1 spine and 28 to 33 soft rays; anal fin with 2 de- tached spines, followed by 1 spine and 17 to 20 soft rays; second dorsal-fin lobe relatively short contained about 6.5 to 8.6 times in fork length; anal-fin base moderately short, contained about 1.6 to 1.9 times in sec- ond dorsal-fin base; pelvic fins longer than pectorals. Scales small and cycloid (smooth); no scutes. Cau- dal-peduncle grooves present. First pterygiophore of anal fin curved in specimens larger than about 10 cm fork length.Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 14 caudal.Colour: fresh adults, dorsal surface dark (pinkish or violet), sides lighter, and belly white or silvery;a faint, dark nuchal band, and a faint narrow lateral amber stripe extend- ing backward from eye may be present. Dorsal fin dusky; second dorsal-fin lobe tip clear to whitish; anal-fin lobe with white, rest of fin dusky to dark; pectoral fins clear to dusky; pelvic fins white with most of dorsal sur- face dark; caudal fin dusky to dark with a lighter, narrow posterior margin. Juveniles (about 4 to 25 cm fork length) with dark nuchal bar from eye to nape (ending well anterior to first dorsal fin); 7 dark body bands, irregular and broken, third through seventh extending into second dorsal- and anal-fin soft ray membranes, eighth band small and dark, at end of caudal peduncle; dark, rounded spot on medial caudal-fin rays; caudal fin otherwise clear. Size:Maximum to 67.5 cm fork length at 4.6 kg. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Found mostly near the bottom in 55 to 130 m.Mostly eats squid; will take dead bait. Caught with hook-and-line on the bottom. Caught incidentally; possibly rare. Distribution: In the western Atlantic from Mas- sachusetts into the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, and Bermuda. Presumably rare in the eastern Atlan- tic. Perciformes: Percoidei: Carangidae 1461 Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833 YTL Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Almaco jack; Fr - Sériole limon; Sp - Medregal limon. Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, moderately deep, and slightly compressed, with upper profile more convex than lower. Upper jaw very broad posteriorly (with broad supramaxilla with posterodorsal angle usually acute in adults) and extending to below about anterior margin of pupil. Teeth minute, in a broad band in both jaws.Gill rakers decreasing slightly in number with growth, 6 to 9 upper, 18 to 20 lower, and 24 to 29 total at sizes less than 10 cm fork length, at larger sizes total gill rakers 18 to 25. Dorsal fin with 7 spines (first minute or missing in large fish), followed by 1 spine and 27 to 33 soft rays; anal fin with 2 detached spines (reduced or completely embedded in large fish), followed by 1 spine and 18 to 22 soft rays;second dor- sal-fin lobe long, contained 4.3 to 6.3 times in fork length; anal-fin base moderately long, contained 1.5 to 1.6 times in second dorsal-fin base; pelvic fins longer than pectorals. Scales small and cycloid (smooth); no scutes. Caudal peduncle grooves present. First pterygiophore of anal fin straight in specimens larger than about 10 cm fork length. Vertebrae 10 precaudal and 14 caudal. Colour: brown or olivaceous to bluish green above, sides and belly lighter, sometimes with brassy or lavender reflections, nuchal band often per- sistent in adults and extending from eye to first dorsal-fin origin, and a faint amber lateral stripe extending backward from eye frequently present;anal fin mostly dark, usually with the lobe white, often with a narrow dis- tal white margin along fin, and sometimes with the anterior edge of lobe white; pelvic fins white ventrally and laterally with a dark dorsal surface, or sometimes entirely dark; caudal fin dark with a lighter narrow posterior margin. Juveniles (to about 2 to 18 cm fork length) with dark nuchal band extending to first dorsal-fin ori- gin and 6 dark body bands, each with a lighter narrow irregular area through their middle vertically, and a dark seventh band at the end of caudal peduncle; dorsal and anal fins dark (without the body bands passing through them) and anal-fin tip white; pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins becoming dusky. Size: Common from about 55 cm fork length and 2.5 kg to 80 cm fork length and 3.4 kg.All-tackle IGFA Atlantic world angling record 35.38 kg. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Mostly pelagic and epibenthic in oceanic waters; rarely inshore. Feeds mainly on fish. Caught on handlines and with hook-and-line. Not selectively fished commercially; reputable sportfish in the Bahamas. Flesh regarded as good to very good;possible implications of cigua- tera in the Cayman and Virgin islands. Distribution: Circumtropical in marine waters, entering temperate waters in some areas. In the Western Atlantic, from Bermuda and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Buenos Aires, Argentina. In eastern Atlantic, from Portugal to West Africa and the Mediterranean, Madeira and Azores. Also from South Africa, through the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the eastern Pacific. 1462 Bony Fishes Seriola zonata (Mitchill, 1815) RLZ Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810). FAO names: En - Banded rudderfish; Fr - Sériole guaimeque; Sp - Medregal guaimeque. Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, moderately deep, and slightly compressed, with upper profile slightly more convex than lower.Upper jaw moderately broad posteriorly (with moderate supramaxilla), and extending to below about posterior margin of eye.Teethminute in a band in both jaws.Gill rakers decreasing