Camp Randall Memorial Park Cultural Landscape Inventory December 2005 (Revisions Aug 2011) Quinn Evans|Architects University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Division of Facilities Planning and Management ©2011, Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System University of Wisconsin-Madison Cultural Landscape Inventory DEFINITIONS What is a “cultural landscape”? The following document is based on concepts and techniques developed by the National Park Service (NPS). The NPS has produced a series of manuals for identifying, describing, and maintaining culturally significant landscapes within the national park system.1 The National Park Service defines a cultural landscape as a geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein[,] associated with a historic event, activity, or person, or [one] that exhibits other cultural or aesthetic values.2 In 1925, geographer Carl Sauer (1889-1975) summarized the process that creates cultural landscapes: “Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape the result.” 3 Similarly, the writer J. B. Jackson (1909-1996) looked upon the landscape as a composition of spaces made or modified by humans “to serve as infrastructure or background for our collective existence.”4 What is a “cultural landscape inventory”? 5 This cultural landscape inventory for Camp Randall Memorial Park is one of eight such studies completed as part of the UW-Madison Cultural Landscape Resource Plan. Each inventory defines the boundaries of a distinct cultural landscape on campus, summarizes its history, describes its current condition, and makes recommendations about its treatment. In addition to these eight cultural landscape inventories, two companion documents address the archaeology and overall history of the campus. This collection of documents is collectively entitled, “Cultural Landscape Report for the University of Wisconsin-Madison.” Within the national park system, a cultural landscape report (CLR) serves as the primary guide to the treatment and use of a cultural landscape. Overleaf: Camp Randall Memorial Arch, 2010 1 The most recent and comprehensive of these publications is A Guide to Cultural Landscape Reports: Contents, Process, and Techniques, published in 1998. Its lead author, Robert R. Page, is director of the Olmsted Center for Landscape Studies, based at the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site in Charleston, Massachusetts: http://www.nps.gov/oclp 2 Robert R. Page, Cathy A. Gilbert, and Susan A. Dolan, A Guide to Cultural Landscape Reports: Contents, Process, and Techniques (Washington, DC: U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnerships, Park Historic Structures and Cultural Landscapes Program, 1998), 129. 3 Carl Sauer, “The Morphology of Landscape,” in Land and Life: A Selection from the Writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer, ed. John Leighly (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969), 343. 4 John Brinckerhoff Jackson, Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984), 8. 5 The term “cultural landscape inventory” is not to be confused with the NPS Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI), a computerized database of cultural landscapes within the national park system. Camp Randall Memorial Park (rev. 2011) Page 2 of 82 University of Wisconsin-Madison Cultural Landscape Inventory TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................... 2 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................................................... 4 NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA.............................................................. 6 GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................ 7 CHRONOLOGY ...................................................................................... 10 KEY TO PLACE NAMES ......................................................................... 11 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.............................................................. 13 LANDSCAPE HISTORY ........................................................................... 14 EXISTING CONDITIONS ......................................................................... 43 ANALYSIS OF INTEGRITY ...................................................................... 68 LANDSCAPE TREATMENT...................................................................... 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 78 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS........................................................................ 81 Prepared by: Brenda W. Williams Researched/Written by: Rebecca L. Marquardt, Daniel F. Einstein, Parisa Ford and Lee Sommerville Graphics/Images by: Rebecca L. Marquardt, Jason Tisch, Xiaojian Yu, Jonathan Hodkiewicz, Matthew Donoghue, Rebecca Rupel Project management by: Arnold R. Alanen, Gary Brown, and Sam Calvin Edited by: Daniel F. Einstein, Erika Janik and Susan O. Haswell This document may be reproduced for educational purposes. All other uses require permission from the UW-Madison Facilities Planning and Management. Contact: 608/263-3000. Camp Randall Memorial Park (rev. 2011) Page 3 of 82 University of Wisconsin-Madison Cultural Landscape Inventory ILLUSTRATIONS Figures General information...........................................................................................7 1 Location of Camp Randall Memorial Park, 2010 ................................................7 2 Site plan, 2010......................................................................................................8 3 Site boundary, 2010..............................................................................................9 Landscape history ............................................................................................14 4 Sketch of Wisconsin Agricultural Society Fair, 1858........................................14 5 Photo of Madison Brass Band at the Wisconsin State Fair, 1879......................16 6 Sketch of Camp Randall by Gaddis, 1861 .........................................................17 7 Lithograph of Camp Randall, 1862....................................................................18 8 Lithograph of Camp Randall by Kurz, 1864......................................................18 9 Sketch of Camp Randall by Brown, 1864........................................................ 19 10 Site plan by Van Slyke, 1865.............................................................................20 11 Graphic of 1865 Van Slyke plan over current day map, 2011...........................21 12 Plan of Post Hospital, 1865................................................................................25 13 Photo of first Camp Randall athletic field, ca. 1890s.........................................25 14 Bird’s eye view of first Camp Randall athletic field, ca. 1910 .........................26 15 Diagram of new athletic field by Peabody, 1914...............................................26 16 Detail of Plan of Grounds by Simonds, 1906 ....................................................27 17 Detail of General Design by Laird, Cret and Peabody, 1908.............................28 18 Axiometric view of General Design by Laird, Cret and Peabody, 1908 ...........29 19 Photo of corner stone exercises, Camp Randall Memorial Arch, 1912 .............31 20 Photo of dedication of the Camp Randall Memorial Arch, 1912.......................32 21 Photo of Camp Randall Memorial Arch, post-1913 ..........................................33 22 Postcard view of Camp Randall Memorial Arch, ca. 1913................................34 23 Photo of arch commemorative plaque, north side, 2010....................................35 24 Photo of arch commemorative plaque, south side, 2010....................................35 25 Detail of veteran and soldier statues, 2010 ........................................................35 26 Detail of Old Abe statue, 2010...........................................................................36 27 Photo of S.A.T.C. military barracks, ca. 1918 ...................................................36 28 Photo of student cadets at Camp Randall Memorial Arch, 1929.......................37 29 Aerial view of Randall and Monroe Park trailer camps, ca. 1950 .....................39 30 Aerial view of Camp Randall, circa 1940-1945.................................................40 31 Aerial view of Camp Randall, circa 1938-1945.................................................41 Existing conditions ...........................................................................................43 32 Graphic of landscape zones, 2011......................................................................44 33 Photo view of open lawn and vegetation buffer, 2004.......................................45 34 Detail of northwest knoll loop drive, ca. 1912-1917..........................................48 35 Graphic of northwest knoll loop drive overlaid on 2007 air photo, 2011..........48 36 Planting plan, Camp Randal Memorial, Longenecker, 1957 .............................50 Camp Randall Memorial Park (rev. 2011) Page 4 of 82 University of Wisconsin-Madison Cultural Landscape Inventory 37 Planting plan, Camp Randall Memorial Arch, Longenecker, 1957...................51 38 Graphic of existing conditions, 2010 .................................................................52