A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 40 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy Edited by Herman J. Selderhuis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Franeker University Library. Courtesy: Tresoar, Leeuwarden, Atlas Schoemaker. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-23622-6 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-24891-5 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS List of Contributors ........................................................................................ vii Abbreviations ................................................................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Herman J. Selderhuis PART I RELATIONS Reformed Orthodoxy: A Short History of Research ............................. 11 Willem J. van Asselt Theology and Philosophy ............................................................................. 27 Aza Goudriaan Theology and the Church ............................................................................. 65 J. Mark Beach Reformed Orthodoxy and Patristic Tradition ........................................ 91 Irena Backus PART II PLACES Reformed Orthodoxy in The Netherlands ............................................... 121 Antonie Vos Reformed High Schools in Sixteenth-Century Germany .................... 177 Andreas Mühling Reformed Orthodoxy in Switzerland ........................................................ 195 Christian Moser vi contents Reformed Protestantism in France ........................................................... 227 Tobias Sarx Reformed Orthodoxy in Britain .................................................................. 261 Carl R. Trueman Reformed Orthodoxy in East-Central Europe ........................................ 293 Graeme Murdock Reformed Orthodoxy in North America .................................................. 323 Joel R. Beeke PART III TOPICS The Doctrine of God in Reformed Orthodoxy ....................................... 353 Sebastian Rehnman Christ and Covenant: Federal Theology in Orthodoxy ....................... 403 R. Scott Clark The Doctrine of Scripture in Reformed Orthodoxy ............................. 429 John V. Fesko Pneumatology: Tradition and Renewal .................................................... 465 Maarten Wisse and Hugo Meijer Ethics in Reformed Orthodoxy ................................................................... 519 Luca Baschera The Doctrine of Predestination in Reformed Orthodoxy ................... 553 Pieter Rouwendal Law, Authority, and Liberty in Early Calvinism .................................... 591 John Witte Jr. Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 613 Index ................................................................................................................... 659 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Willem J. van Asselt, Professor of Historical Theology, Evangelical Theo- logical Faculty, Leuven Belgium. Irena Backus, Full Professor at the Institut d’histoire de la Réformation, Geneva, Switzerland. Luca Baschera, member of staff at the Institute of Swiss Reformation His- tory, University of Zurich, Switzerland. J. Mark Beach, Professor of Ministerial and Doctrinal Studies, Mid-America Reformed Seminary, Dyer, Indiana, USA. Joel R. Beeke, President and Professor of Systematic Theology and Homilet- ics at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA. R. Scott Clark, Professor of Church History and Historical Theology, West- minster Seminary California, California, USA. John V. Fesko, Academic Dean and Professor of Systematic and Histori- cal Theology at Westminster Seminary California, Escondido, California, USA. Aza Goudriaan, Assistant Professor of Church History at VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Hugo Meijer, PhD-student at VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Christian Moser, Assistant Professor at the Institute of Swiss Reformation History, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Andreas Mühling, Professor of Church History, Director of the Ecumenical Institute, University of Trier, Germany. Graeme Murdock, Assistant Professor of European History at Trinity Col- lege Dublin, Ireland. viii list of contributors Sebastian Rehnman, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Stavanger and Adjunct Professor of Philosophy of Religion at Misjonshøgskolen, Stavanger, Norway. Pieter Rouwendal, independent scholar and publisher, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Tobias Sarx, research associate at the Protestant theological faculty of Marburg, Germany. Herman J. Selderhuis, Professor of Church History, Theological University Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, Director of Refo500. Carl R. Trueman, Paul Woolley Professor of Church History, Westminster Theological Seminary, Pennsylvania, USA. Antonie Vos, Professor of Historical Theology, Evangelical Theological Faculty, Leuven Belgium. Maarten Wisse, Assistant Professor of Dogmatics and Ecumenics, Director of the Graduate School of Theology and Religious Studies, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands. John Witte Jr., Jonas Robitscher Professor of Law and Director of the Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory University, Atlanta, USA. ABBREVIATIONS BBKL Biographisch-bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. Hg. V. Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz. (Hamm 1970 ff.) CO Ioannis Calvini Opera quae supersunt omnia, 59 vol., Wilhelm Baum, Eduard Cunitz and Eduard Reuss (eds.) (Brunswick and Berlin, 1863–1900). RGG Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Handwörterbuch für Theolo- gie und Religionswissenschaft, ed. Hans Dieter Betz et al. (Tubingen, 1999) PRRD Muller, Richard A. Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics. The Rise and the Development of Reformed Orthodoxy, ca. 1520 to ca. 1725, 2nd ed. 4 vols. (Grand Rapids, Mich,: Baker Academic, 2003). TRE Theologische Realenzyklopädie. (Berlin 1974 ff ). INTRODUCTION Herman J. Selderhuis Terminology This book reflects and comprises the latest research on the history and the- ology of Reformed Orthodoxy and is at the same time a work in progress, which makes this volume in the Companion series unique. The reason for this is not only the quality of the authors and the chapters they have produced, but also the fact that the study of Reformed Orthodoxy has in recent years taken an entirely new approach and has received renewed and spirited attention, whose results have so far not been brought together in one book. The renewed interest and reappraisal of this period in intel- lectual history is closely related to a renewed reading of the sources made available by way of new, critical text editions and through digital projects, as well as to a shift in focus from the Reformation itself to the post- Reformation period. This situation also implies that this Companion reflects the present state of research, which includes a number of lacunae in the sense that the sources of some topics, schools, and institutions need yet to be read, studied, and analyzed. Over the last decades older secondary literature was questioned as to its reliability, texts were reread or even read for the first time, and it became clear that much needs to be done before a more definite overview of Reformed Orthodoxy can be given. So here is what one could call a midterm Companion. Time for a break to make a balance in order to head for the second half. Yet this midterm Companion is necessary to see what directions the second half needs to take, what issues to tackle, and to see what a next Companion— ten to fifteen years from now—should look like. The title of this Companion is debatable, for can Reformed Orthodoxy really be defined? The same is true for the possible alternative Reformed Scholasticism, or a name like “early modern reformed theology” or post- Reformation Reformed theology. All these terms are useful and yet dis- satisfying as each of them seems to exclude persons or positions, or raise questions as to what is meant by Reformed, orthodox, scholastic, and early modern. In present-day early modern research the discussion of the values and dangers of concepts is a lively and interesting one, but since 2 herman j. selderhuis not too many conclusions have been drawn yet, the title has been chosen