Multi-Sector Needs Needs Assessment: Assessment Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Sector Factsheets Libya, September 2017 Context Methodology Libya has experienced several waves of conflict since 2011, renewed A total of 2,978 household (HH) surveys were conducted across 8 nationwide in 2014 and periodically in several regions, that affected Libyan mantikas. The sampling produced statistically generalisable millions of people, both displaced and non-displaced. In response to results for all assessed displacement categories, as well as for 7 a lack of recent data on the humanitarian situation in Libya, REACH assessed mantikas and the city of Derna, with a confidence level of conducted two rounds of multi-sector data collection in June and 95% and a margin of error of 10% (unless stated otherwise). Findings August to provide timely information on the needs and vulnerabilities have been disaggregated by displacement status and/or by mantika of affected populations. where the differences in responses among groups were significant. Assessed locations were chosen in coordination with sectors and Challenges and limitations: OCHA under the framework of the Inter-Sector Coordination Group • Data collection during the second round of the MSNA was slightly as well as the Information Management and Assessment Working delayed in Tripoli and Benghazi due to a lengthy procedure Group, and included major population centres as well as areas of high of obtaining authorizations to work in those mantikas with the concentration of IDPs and returnees. This coordination framework implementing partner Libaid. also allowed for input from sectors during the early research design phase to endorse the most important indicators and thus eventually • Access to some areas was sometimes made difficult due to ensure a large buy-in of the findings, which feed into OCHA’s Libya ongoing conflict and violence. As such, data collection was at 2018 Humanitarian Needs Overview. times put on hold. Additionally in some areas, it was difficult to locate out-of-camp IDP and returnee HHs as indicated by the available baseline data; therefore some locations of data collection were redefined with the enumerators teams. Assessed Locations Tunisia iquat Derna Zliten KikklaKikkla Misrata Benghazi Alabyar ArrajbanArrajban GharyanGharyan Derna AzziAzzinntantan Misrata Abu ayn Suloug ArrhaibatArrhaibat AshshgegaAshshgega Bani Gemienis Benghazi Waleed TTaababaqaqahh Nalut Sirt Tobruk Ejdabia ufrah Samnou Sebha Sebha Ghat Ubari Ghodwa Al Awinat Egypt Ghat Al barkat Murzuq Tripoli Abusliem Algeria Tajoura Suq Aljumaa Ha Tripoli Garabolli Alkhums Msallata rgab Tarhuna Niger Misrata Chad Sudan 1 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Food Security Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Food Security Libya, September 2017 Context & Methodology Assessed Mantikas Tripoli Libya has experienced several waves of conflict since 2011, renewed Al Margab Derna nationwide in 2014 and periodically in several regions, that affected Misrata Benghazi millions of people, both displaced and non-displaced. In response to a lack of recent data on the humanitarian situation in Libya, REACH Al Jabal Al Gharbi conducted two rounds of multi-sector data collection in June and August to provide timely information on the needs and vulnerabilities of affected populations. A total of 2,978 household (HH) surveys were Sebha completed across 8 Libyan mantikas,(1) chosen to cover major population Ghat centres and areas of displacement. The sampling produced statistically generalisable results for all assessed displacement categories, as well as for 7 assessed mantikas and the city of Derna, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 10% (unless stated otherwise). Findings Assessed city have been disaggregated by displacement status and/or by mantika Assessed mantikas where the differences in responses among groups were significant. nassessed mantikas Food Consumption Score (FCS) Reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) Average Food Consumption Score (FCS)(2) per population group: Average Reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI)(3) per population group: Average Low use Medium use High use Poor Borderline Acceptable FCS Average of coping of coping of coping rCSI strategies strategies strategies Overall 77.7 1.0% 4.0% 95.0% (0-3) (4-9) (10+) Non-displaced 78.0 0.8% 3.8% 95.4% Overall 4.9 64.1% 19.6% 16.3% IDPs 66.0 7.9% 12.5% 79.5% Non-displaced 4.7 65.3% 19.2% 15.5% Returnees 80.2 1.3% 1.9% 96.8% IDPs 7.3 52.4% 22.3% 25.3% Returnees 7.3 44.9% 27.0% 28.1% Average Food Consumption Score (FCS)(2) per mantika: Average (3) Poor Borderline Acceptable Average Reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) per mantika: FCS Al Jabal Al Gharbi 94.8 0.6% 0.1% 99.3% Low use Medium use High use Average of coping of coping of coping Al Margab 77.1 0.0% 1.1% 98.9% rCSI strategies strategies strategies Benghazi 83.5 1.0% 3.1% 95.9% (0-3) (4-9) (10+) Derna 85.7 1.7% 1.7% 96.6% Al Jabal Al Gharbi 3.9 91.1% 5.5% 3.4% Ghat 77.3 1.5% 5.2% 93.3% Al Margab 7.4 62.8% 18.3% 18.9% Misrata 90.0 0.0% 0.0% 99.9% Benghazi 7.2 46.5% 30.8% 22.7% Sebha 86.5 1.1% 1.1% 97.8% Derna 8.3 51.3% 26.4% 22.3% Tripoli 61.3 2.0% 9.2% 88.8% Ghat 6.2 55.2% 18.2% 26.6% Misrata 6.6 68.3% 21.1% 10.6% Average number of times per week HHs consumed each of the Sebha 3.7 68.8% 25.2% 6.0% following food groups: Tripoli 4.7 67.1% 14.7% 18.2% Meat, poultry, fish, seafood, Oil, butter, other fats eggs 6.5 4.0 Bread, cereal, pasta, rice, Sugar, honey, jam potatoes 5.6 3.6 Vegetables 5.1 Beans, pulses, nuts, lentils 3.2 Dairy 5.0 Fruit 2.4 (2) The FCS is a composite indicator score based on dietary frequency, food frequency and relative nutrition importance of different food groups and their consumption by assessed population groups. Ranging from 0 to 112, the FCS will be ‘poor’ for a score of 28 and less, ‘borderline’ for a score of 42 or less, and ‘acceptable’ above a score of 42. (3) The reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) is often used as a proxy indicator for household (1) Libya is divided into four types of administrative areas: 3 regions (admin level 1), 22 food insecurity. rCSI represents the sum of the frequency of each strategy weighted by each mantikas or districts (admin level 2), 100 baladiyas or municipalities (admin level 3), and strategy’s severity. Higher rCSI indicates a worse food security situation and vice versa, with a muhallas, which are similar to neighbourhoods or villages (admin level 4). score from 0 to 56. 2 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Food Security Average number of times per week HHs engaged in each of the following food-related coping strategies: Procuring less expensive or less favourable foods 2.0 Reducing the number of meals per day 0.9 Reducing adults’ share of food to allow children to eat 0.8 Shrinking the size of meals 0.3 Borrowing food from friends or relatives 0.1 Food Sources and Prices Top 3 reported ways of accessing food per population group(4): Non-displaced IDPs Returnees Purchased with cash 95.8% 85.7% 92.2% Purchased on credit 25.5% 36.9% 16.1% Own production 19.6% 18.3% 8.0% % of HHs reporting price changes for key food items in the last 30 days: Increase No change Decrease Chicken 84.4% 7.4% 8.2% Chickpeas 62.2% 20.9% 17.3% Cooking oil 67.5% 25.8% 6.7% Eggs 71.6% 9.9% 18.5% Flour 62.1% 32.4% 5.5% Pasta 66.2% 26.1% 7.8% Rice 70.3% 25.5% 4.2% Sugar 67.7% 27.2% 5.1% Tomato paste 63.0% 28.6% 8.4% (5) Due to limited sample size for this indicator, results are indicative and not statistically (4) Respondents could choose up to 3 answers. representative. 3 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Cash, Markets & Livelihoods Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Cash, Markets & Livelihoods Libya, September 2017 Context & Methodology Assessed Mantikas Tripoli Libya has experienced several waves of conflict since 2011, renewed Al Margab Derna nationwide in 2014 and periodically in several regions, that affected Misrata Benghazi millions of people, both displaced and non-displaced. In response to a lack of recent data on the humanitarian situation in Libya, REACH Al Jabal Al Gharbi conducted two rounds of multi-sector data collection in June and August to provide timely information on the needs and vulnerabilities of affected populations. A total of 2,978 household (HH) surveys were Sebha completed across 8 Libyan mantikas,(1) chosen to cover major population Ghat centres and areas of displacement. The sampling produced statistically generalisable results for all assessed displacement categories, as well as for 7 assessed mantikas and the city of Derna, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 10% (unless stated otherwise). Findings Assessed city have been disaggregated by displacement status and/or by mantika Assessed mantikas where the differences in responses among groups were significant. Unassessed mantikas Livelihoods Estimated % of HH income spent on the following items in the last 30 days, per population group: % of population engaged in different types of labour in the last 30 days, per population group: Non-displaced IDPs Returnees 44.5% Food 32.7% Food 50.4% Food Non-displaced IDPs Returnees 11.1% Water 24.7% Housing 12.1% Healthcare Adults (18 or older): 10.3% Healthcare 9.3% Water 9.1% Water Permanent job with regular wage 38.2% 30.1% 39.3% Temporary job with regular wage 6.3% 7.7% 6.7% Primary reported modality for HH expenditures in the last 30 days: Daily labour 3.1% 7.1% 3.4% Children (17 or younger): Permanent job with regular wage 0.9% 1.5% 0.4% 89.8% Hard cash (Libyan dinars) Temporary job with regular