FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMERCIAL MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF BUNGOMA SOUTH SUB COUNTY. KIPNGETICH MARITIM SHADRACK A RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2017 1 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented for the award of degree in any university. Signature...........................................Date................................................. Kipngetich Maritim Shadrack L50/86744/2016 This research project has been submitted with my approval as the university Supervisor. Signature.....................................Date................................... Mr. Vincent Marani Department of extra mural studies University of Nairobi ii DEDICATION I dedicate my research project to my dear wife Teresa and children namely Javan, Mishelle and Marlon. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to register a heartfelt gratitude by acknowledging the support, advice and profound efforts of my supervisor Mr. Vincent Marani whose wise guidance, counsel and encouragement that make this study to succeed. Special thanks to the course Lecturers for the knowledge imparted to me especially Dr. Cheben who taught me Research Methods, Dr. Stephen Okello, Mr. Elias Owino and professor Toili. I also acknowledge the University of Nairobi for giving me the opportunity to study including making Lecturers available to teach. Without forgetting the staff of Bungoma extra mural centre who facilitate the teaching/learning materials at the library. Special thanks to my classmates‟ namely Bonny Maloba, Phanice Wepukhulu, Emmanuel Masakhe among others in the various class discussions. I also acknowledge the support of my colleagues namely:Galma Happi; Base Commander Bungoma, Lydia Melly,Samwel Kioko and Thomas Kegode for their understanding, moral support throughout the entire process including making police documents available. Lastly, am grateful to all my respondents who helped me get the required information and helped in analysis of data. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION........................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….v LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................... xi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3.Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Objectives of the Study. ............................................................................................................ 6 1.5. Research Questions .................................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Significance of the study ........................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Delimitation of the Study .......................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Limitations of the Study............................................................................................................ 8 1.9 Basic Assumptions .................................................................................................................... 8 1.10 Definition of Significant Terms .............................................................................................. 9 1.11 Organization of the Study ..................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.2. Environmental Factors and Commercial Motorcycle Accidents .......................................... 11 2.3. Personal characteristics and Commercial Motorcycle Accidents ......................................... 14 2.4. Ownership status and Commercial Motorcycle Accidents .................................................... 17 2.5. Riding skills and Commercial Motorcycle Accidents ........................................................... 19 2.6 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 20 2.7 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................................ 21 2.8. Summary of Literature Review .............................................................................................. 23 2.9 Knowledge gap ....................................................................................................................... 23 v CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 24 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 24 3.2. Research Design..................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Target population .................................................................................................................... 24 3.4. Sample Size and Sample Selection ........................................................................................ 25 3.4.1. Sample Size ......................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Sampling procedures………………………………………………………………….……26 3.5 Research Instruments……………………………………………………………….……......28 3.6 Piloting of instruments………………………………………………………………….…....28 3.6.1 Validity of Research Instruments………………………………………………………….29 3.6.2 Reliability of research instruments…………………………………………………… …..29 3.7. Data Collection Procedures................................................................................................... 30 3.8. Data Analysis Methods ......................................................................................................... 30 3.9. Ethical Consideration………………………………………………………………………..31 3.10. operational defination of variables…………………………………………………………31 CHAPTER FOUR:DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….33 4.1Introduction………………………………………………………………………………......33 4.2 Questionnaire return rate…………………………………….................................................33 4.3 Demographic information of respondents…………………………………………………...34 4.3.1 Present age of respondents………………………………………………………………....34 4.3.2. Area of business operation………………………………………………………………...35 4.4.Environmental factors and commercial motorcycle accidents……………………………...36 4.4.1 Legal factors………………………………………………………………………………..37 4.4.2 Corruption…………………………………………………………………..……………..38 4.4.3 Road condition……………………………………………………………………………..40 4.5 Personal characteristics and commercial motorcycle accidents………………………….….41 4.5.1 Taking drugs……………………………………………….………………………………41 4.5.1.1 Types of drugs used……………………………………………………………………...42 vi 4.5.1.2 How often drugs are used………………………………………………………………..43 4.5.2 Overloading…………………………………………………………………………….....45 4.5.3 Over speeding………………………………………………………………………...........46 4.6 Motorbike ownership and motorcycle accidents……………………………………………47 4.6.1 Owning a personal motorbike…………………………………………………….……..47 4.6.2 Company motorbike increase motorcycle accidents…………………………………...48 4.6.3 Ownership of resources by motorists cause accidents………………………….……….50 4.7 Riding skills………………………………………………………………………………….51 4.7.1 Lack of driving license…………………………………………………………………...51 4.7.2 Lack of experience……………………………………………………………………….53 4.7.3 Lack of refresher courses………………………………………………….……………..54 4.8 Rate of motorcycle accidents………………………………………………………………..56 4.8.1 Number of accidents…………………………………………………………………….56 4.8.2 Number of fatalities caused as a result of accidents…………………………………….58 CHAPTER: FIVE:SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS….........................................................................................................59 5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..59 5.2 Summary of findings ………………..……………………………………………………….59 5.3Conclusion of the study……………………………………………………………………....62