Agricultural Biotechnology: Facilitating Trade for Food and Feed Sharon Bomer Lauritsen Assistant U.S. Trade Representative, Agriculture North American Agricultural Biotechnology Council June 2, 2015 1 Outline Agricultural Biotechnology in U.S. and Global Agriculture Issues Affecting Agricultural Trade U.S. Government Approaches to Trade and Agricultural Biotechnology 2 Biotech Crop Countries and Mega-Countries*, 2014 I S A A A 3 Global Adoption Rates (%) for Principal Biotech Crops, 2014 I S A A A M Acres 494 200 184 445 180 Conventional 395 160 Biotech 346 140 111 296 120 247 100 198 80 140 60 37 36 99 40 49 20 0 0 82% 68% 30% 25% Soybean Cotton Maize Canola 4 Source: Clive James, 2014 Hectarage based on FAO Preliminary Data for 2012. Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2014: By Crop (Million I S A A A Hectares, Million Acres) M Acres 247 100 222 90 Soybean 198 80 Maize 173 70 Cotton Canola 148 60 124 50 99 40 74 30 49 20 25 10 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 5 Source: Clive James, 2014 Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2014: Industrial and Developing Countries I S A A A M Acres 494 200 445 180 Total Industrial 395 160 Developing 346 140 296 120 247 100 198 80 148 60 99 40 49 20 00 6 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Clive James, 2014 Biotechnology and Trade 120 Biotechnology: Trade in % global trade from GE producers: 2012/13 Major Crops, 2012/13 100 120 100 80 global trade 80 60 share of 60 global trade 40 from GE producers 40 20 20 0 0 soybeans corn cotton canola soybeans corn cotton canola 7 Source: Brooks and Barfoot, 2014 RTA Expansion 1975 8 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade. RTA Expansion 1995 9 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade. RTA Expansion 2014 10 Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade. U.S. Commodity Exports (2014) Corn: $10.6 billion to 71 countries (93 percent biotech) Soybeans and Products: $30.5 billion to 110 countries (94 percent biotech) Cotton: $4.4 billion to 68 countries ( 93 percent biotech) 11 12 Quality/Food Commercialized Agronomic Increased oil & Soybean Industry Portfolio Commercialized improved feed Pipeline of biotech events and novel trait releases efficiency (Du Pont Pioneer) High Oleic / Vistive Gold Low‐Sat Herbicide Xtend Tolerant (3rd (Vistive Gold) (Monsanto) Omega‐3 generation) (Monsanto) Enlist/RR2Y Stearidonic Acid (Monsanto) (Dow) (Monsanto) High‐Oleic Low Raff‐ Asian rust (Plenish) Enlist 2,4‐D Stach Insect resistant (Syngenta; (Du Pont Pioneer) nd Tolerant (Virginia Tech) (2 generation) Du Pont (Dow) (Monsanto) Pioneer) 2013 2020 Dicamba LibertyLink (LL) MGI Higher Disease (Bayer) Tolerant Yield II (Monsanto) Tolerant Resistance (Syngenta/ (Monsanto) (Syngenta) Imidazolinone Bayer) Tolerant Brazil only. Glytol / HPPD /LL RR2Y (BASF/Embrapa (Bayer/MS Nematode (Monsanto) Brazil) Technologies) Resistance Drought IR/Enlist (BASF; 2,4‐D resistant Monsanto; LibertyLink Bt/RR2Y (Dow) (Embrapa/ Syngenta) (LL) (Monsanto) COODETEC) (Bayer) Glytol/HPPD Insect Lepidoptera (Bayer/MS resistant Resistance Technologies) (sucking (Du Pont insects/stink Pioneer) bugs) 13 Source: Pipeline information from industry & published sources: May 2014 Issues Affecting Trade of Products Derived from Modern Biotechnology Lack of regulations in developing countries Asynchronous Authorizations Low Level Presence Labeling Field Trial Permits Liability Issues “Opt Out” on approvals 14 U.S. Government Approaches Sustained working-level Bilateral Plurilateral Multilateral Trade agreement negotiations Trade and technical capacity building and outreach 15 The Future? Scientific advances will continue to provide tools to improve crop varieties and animal breeds. Businesses need predictability and certainty in regulatory processes. Enabling policy environments will allow products of these innovations to be used and traded globally in a reliable manner. Stewardship on the part of technology developers is critical to help facilitate trade. 16.