USACE Water Management Flood Response: NASA Workshop 14 June 2016 Chandra S. Pathak, PhD, PE Tony Young, PE US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG® Agenda • Background of USACE • Flood Risk Management • Corps Water Management System (CWMS) • CWMS National Implementation Plan • Falls Lake and John H. Kerr Projects • Summary and Conclusion • Questions and Discussion BUILDING STRONG® 2 Why USACE in Water Resources? . 1802: Modern Corps of Engineers founded; West Point established as first U.S. engineering school ► President Jefferson’s concept: a body of engineers able to take on work of “a civil nature” as well as military work . 1824: General Survey Act: Corps authorized to survey road and canal routes on national military or commercial significance . 1824: Rivers & Harbors Act authorized first Corps work in clearing obstacles on Ohio, Mississippi Rivers and at ports . 1850: Congress authorizes first Corps studies of potential flooding on Mississippi River . 1879: Mississippi River Commission established . 1914: Panama Canal completed . 1927: Great Mississippi River Flood . 1928: Flood Control Act establishes Mississippi River & Tributaries (MR&T) Flood Control project BUILDING STRONG 3 ® Milestones of USACE . 1936: Flood Control Act establishes nationwide Corps protection mission . ~1935-65: “Big Dam Era” . 1955: USACE flood-fighting and repair of flood control works authorized under P.L. 84-99 . 1970: National Environmental Policy Act requires environmental analysis of all proposed Corps activities . 1986: Water Resources Development Act requires cost sharing for most projects • 1988: Stafford Act gives FEMA responsibility to coordinate government-wide emergency response efforts. Federal Response Plan includes 28 Federal agencies and non- government organizations. USACE designated as lead for Emergency Support Function #3 (Public Works & Engineering) • 1989, 1992: Hurricanes Hugo, Andrew • 2005: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita • 2011: Greater New Orleans Hurricane & Storm Damage Risk Reduction System provides “100-year flood” level of protection BUILDING STRONG 4 ® USACE Mission Areas BUILDING STRONG Homeland • MILCON for Modular Force Security Global Positioning • BRAC 05 • Field Force Engineering • MILCON Transformation • Environmental Restoration Civil Works Civil • Critical Infrastructure • Anti Terrorism Plans • Flood Risk Management • Intelligence • Navigation, Hydropower • Facility Security • Water Supply, Regulatory Partnership • Recreation, Disaster Response • Environmental Restoration Real Estate Research & Development • Water Resources • DOD Recruiting Facilities • Federal • Environment • Contingency Operations • State • Acquire, Manage and • Local • Installations Dispose • International • Warfighter 5 BUILDING STRONG® Civil Works Divisions & Districts Alaska North Seattle Atlantic Great Lakes & Walla Ohio River New Portland Walla Northwestern England St. Paul Buffalo Detroit New York Rock Balti- Chicago Pitts- more Philadelphia Omaha Island South Pacific burgh Sacramento Hunting- San Cincinnati ton Francisco Kansas City St. Norfolk Louis Louisville Little Nashville Wilmington Los Tulsa Rock Memphis Angeles Southwestern Albuquerque Charleston Atlanta Vicks- Honolulu Savannah burg Ft. Worth Mobile Dallas Jacksonville Pacific South New Orleans Ocean Atlantic LEGEND: Mississippi Division Galveston Division HQ location Valley District HQ location Division boundary District boundary State boundary BUILDING STRONG® 6 6 Civil Works Program Preserving the Strength of the Nation Delivering enduring, comprehensive, sustainable, and integrated solutions to the Nation’s water resources and related challenges through collaboration with our stakeholders ( Regions, States, localities, Tribes, other Federal agencies ) Navigation (39%) Dredge ESSAYONS (Coos Bay, OR) Lock and Dam 15 (Mississippi River, IL/IA) Flood Risk (28%) Management Ecosystem (14%) Restoration & Stewardship Hydropower (4%) Recreation & Natural (5%) Flood Wall, Williamson, KY Resource Management Greers Ferry Lake, AR Regulatory Program: (4%) Wetlands & Waterways Water Supply (1%) Emergency Management (1%) Expenses (4%) Florida Everglades Bonneville II Powerhouse, WA BUILDING STRONG® 7 USACE Infrastructure - 709 Dams and Reservoirs - 2500 Levee Systems 14,500 miles of levees Primary Purposes Flood Risk Management Low Flow Augmentation for Water Quality & Navigation Aquatic Ecosystems Secondary Purposes Recreation Fish & Wildlife Conservation Water Supply Hydropower BUILDING STRONG® 8 Value Provided to the Nation BUILDING STRONG® 9 Value Provided to the Nation BUILDING STRONG® Water Management Mission Regulate Reservoirs to Support Congressionally Authorized Purposes BUILDING STRONG® Storage Zones Flood Damage Risk Reduction Project INDUCED SURCHARGE POOL Tainter Gate FLOOD CONTROL POOL CONSERVATION POOL (HP/WS/WQ pool) INACTIVE POOL DAM BUILDING STRONG® USACE Water Management Modernization: CWMS • Real-Time Decision Support for Water Management • 700+ Multipurpose Reservoirs, Flow Control Structures, and thousands of miles of levees and other structures. • To achieve the full range of authorized purposes from all of USACE projects • Floods to droughts and everything in between Operational Decisions Inundation Mapping BUILDING STRONG® 13 CWMS Software Integrates the Processing from Data to Water Management Decisions SERVERS Weather Data Forecast Processing Data Storage Observed Modeling Data Public and Cooperators Field Office Instructions Water Control Management Decisions BUILDING STRONG® QPE/ QPF CWMS Components Data Data Collection Database Hydrology Storage Consequence Hydraulics Modeling Data Information Visualization dissemination BUILDING STRONG® Corps Water Management System (CWMS) BUILDING STRONG® 16 Hydrologic Modeling (HEC-HMS) ■ Computes streamflow hydrographs throughout a river basin given observed and forecasted precipitation (e.g., precipitation gages, NexRad radar rainfall) and watershed runoff characteristics. ■ "Event-oriented" model BUILDING STRONG® Reservoir Operations with HEC-ResSim ■ Simulates reservoir operations throughout a river basin given streamflows and reservoir operating rules and computes downstream hydrographs. ■ Uses reservoir inflow and downstream local hydrographs computed by HEC-HMS. ■ The impact of the hydrographs are then evaluated with HEC- RAS and HEC-FIA. BUILDING STRONG® River Hydraulics (HEC-RAS) ■ Computes river velocities, stages, and inundated areas given streamflow and river/floodplain geometry and hydraulic characteristics (river hydraulics). ■ Computes water surface profiles and stage hydrographs from HEC- ResSim hydrographs. ■ Steady-flow or unsteady-flow analysis; water quality; and temperature. Soon to be two- dimensional. ■ Channel friction adjusted through CWMS interface. BUILDING STRONG® Consequence Analysis (HEC-FIA) ■ Computes damages to structures and other contents of the floodplain (including agricultural) given river stages and damage relationships. ■ Computes damages and benefits between different scenarios, and with and without project conditions. ■ Estimates Life Loss ■ "Action tables" provide a list and time of actions to take during an event, based on forecasted stages. BUILDING STRONG® Real-Time Simulation (HEC-RTS) Public release of the CWMS model integration components for real-time decision support. PC-based (not client-server). Direct access to HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS. Obtains time-series data from HEC-DSS (not Oracle). Plans for a public Application Programming Interface (API) to link to other kinds of databases (e.g., Access). No data acquisition/verification processing capabilities. CWMS Modeling ■ Hydrologic/hydraulic simulation models for short-term forecasts and event scenarios. ■ Discrete models developed outside CWMS and then linked together. ■ Spatially distributed models. ■ Typically use one week of observed data and evaluate results two weeks into the future. ■ Evaluate a variety of scenarios: ● Future precipitation amounts and timing ● Reservoir operations ● Levee failures BUILDING STRONG® CWMS National Implementation Plan • USACE has a water management role in 201 watersheds throughout the United States • Being implemented by teams coordinated by the Mapping Modeling & Consequences Center (MMC) • 60 watersheds will be operational by the end of 2015 • Completed models are used by local District offices for daily water management activities and additionally used for other activities such as emergency management, planning studies, dam and levee safety 23 BUILDING STRONG® CWMS National Implementation Plan BUILDING STRONG 24 ® CWMS National Implementation Plan SAW CWMS Models > Developed/Being Implemented • Neuse/Falls • Cape Fear/Jordan • Yadkin/Scott > Being Developed • Roanoke/Kerr/Philpott BUILDING STRONG 25 ® 26 BUILDING STRONG® 27 BUILDING STRONG® John H Kerr Reservoir – Operational Guide Curve 28 BUILDING STRONG® Summary ■ CWMS is a USACE modern decision support system for water management and being implemented nationwide. BUILDING STRONG® Questions? Discussion… BUILDING STRONG®.