LNG BUNKERING TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ADVISORY ABS | LNG BUNKERING TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ADVISORY | 01 © VladSV/Shutterstock OUR MISSION The mission of ABS is to serve the public interest as well as the needs of our members and clients by promoting the security of life and property and preserving the natural environment. HEALTH, SAFETY, QUALITY & ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY We will respond to the needs of our members and clients and the public by delivering quality service in support of our Mission that provides for the safety of life and property and the preservation of the marine environment. We are committed to continually improving the effectiveness of our HSQE performance and management system with the goal of preventing injury, ill health and pollution. We will comply with all applicable legal requirements as well as any additional requirements ABS subscribes to which relate to HSQE aspects, objectives and targets. Disclaimer: While ABS uses reasonable efforts to accurately describe and update the information in this Advisory, ABS makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy, currency or completeness. ABS assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions in the content of this Advisory. To the extent permitted by applicable law, everything in this Advisory is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or noninfringement. In no event will ABS be liable for any damages whatsoever, including special, indirect, consequential or incidental damages or damages for loss of profits, revenue or use, whether brought in contract or tort, arising out of or connected with this Advisory or the use or reliance upon any of the content or any information contained herein. —— TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2 GENERAL INFORMATION ON LNG ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 3 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LNG BUNKERING .................................................................................................................................................. 3 4 KEY CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING TANK CAPACITY FOR BUNKERING LNG ............................................................................................................... 4 5 VESSEL COMPATIBILITY .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 6 OPERATIONAL ISSUES ABOARD THE RECEIVING SHIP ................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.1 DURING THE BUNKERING PROCESS ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 6.2 OTHER OPERATIONAL PHASES RELATED TO LNG STORAGE ....................................................................................................................... 12 6.3 SIMULTANEOUS CARGO OPERATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 7 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS ABOARD THE RECEIVING SHIP.................................................................................................................... 16 7.1 BUNKER STATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 7.2 BUNKER PIPING SYSTEMS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 8 LNG STORAGE TANKS AND SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF STORED LNG ...................................................................................... 19 9 OPERATIONAL AND EQUIPMENT ISSUES FROM THE SUPPLIER SIDE ....................................................................................................................... 22 9.1 BUNKERING FROM ONSHORE FACILITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 9.2 BUNKER VESSELS ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 9.3 SUPPLIER’S TANK TYPES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 9.4 SUPPLIER’S TANK PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ...................................................................................................................................... 24 9.5 EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES.................................................................................................................................................... 25 10 BUNKER OPERATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 10.1 SEQUENCE .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 10.2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28 10.3 RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 10.4 MANNING .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 10.5 PROCEDURES AND MANUALS .................................................................................................................................................................... 29 10.6 CHECKLISTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29 10.7 CREW TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 11. COMMERCIAL ISSUES AND CUSTODY TRANSFER .................................................................................................................................................... 32 11.1 PRICING BASIS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 11.2 CUSTODY TRANSFER ................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 11.3 FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY.......................................................................................................................................................... 33 12.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 12.1 REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS AND REQUIRED APPROVALS ...................................................................................................................... 35 12.2 OVERVIEW OF REGULATIONS..................................................................................................................................................................... 36 13 SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................................42 13.1 Major Hazards ............................................................................................................................................................................42 13.2 Safety and Security Zones ..........................................................................................................................................................45 13.3 Risk Assessment Methodology and Reporting ...........................................................................................................................46 13.4 Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPS) Study .................................................................................................................................49 14 LIST OF GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS AND SUGGESTED REFERENCES .............................................................................................