Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam Government of Sri Lanka Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance Project Number: 4853-SRI Sri Lanka: Dry Zone Urban Water and Sanitation Project (DZUWSP) INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION: PUTTALAM (DRAFT) MARCH 2008 Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam i CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 A. Purpose of the report ............................................................................................................................ 1 B. Extent of IEE study ............................................................................................................................... 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT......................................................................... 4 A. Type, Category and Need..................................................................................................................... 4 B. Location, Size and Implementation Schedule....................................................................................... 5 C. Description of the Sub-projects............................................................................................................. 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................. 12 A. Physical Resources ............................................................................................................................ 12 B. Ecological Resources ......................................................................................................................... 20 C. Economic Development...................................................................................................................... 20 D. Social and Cultural Resources............................................................................................................ 23 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................................................... 25 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact...................................................................................... 25 B. Augmentation of Water Supply and Treatment................................................................................... 26 C. Improving the Water Supply Network ................................................................................................. 32 D. Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................ 36 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................ 39 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact...................................................................................... 39 B. Water Supply....................................................................................................................................... 39 C. Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................ 43 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: LOCATION AND DESIGN.... 47 ii Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ……………………………………………………………………………………………48 A. Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures........................................................... 48 B. Institutional arrangements for project implementation........................................................................ 48 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan........................................................................................................... 55 D. Environmental management and monitoring costs ............................................................................ 62 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ......................... 64 A. Project stakeholders ........................................................................................................................... 64 B. Consultation and disclosure to date.................................................................................................... 64 C. Future consultation and disclosure ..................................................................................................... 67 IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................... 68 A. Findings............................................................................................................................................... 68 B. Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 71 X. CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX 1: Current Sri Lankan drinking water standards (1996)…………………………..76 APPENDIX 2: Existing Sri Lankan wastewater discharge standards (1990)………………...78 APPENDIX 3: Draft new wastewater discharge standards (2008)……………………………..79 APPENDIX 4: Summary of public consultation meeting held in Puttalam…………………..80 Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam iii TABLES Table 1: Water supply, sanitation and drainage subprojects proposed in Puttalam……………….8 Table 2: Ambient air quality in Puttalam and near a cement factory 5 km east of the town……..16 Table 3: Water quality of Kala Oya at Eluwankulama in 2003……………………………………...17 Table 4: Water quality of Puttalam Lagoon, September 2002………………………………………18 Table 5: Water quality (new UNICEF wells) ………………………………………18 Table 6: General groundwater quality in Puttalam…………………………………………………...19 Table 7: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts……………….25 Table 8: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed infrastructure is not expected to have significant impacts…………………………………………………………………..39 Table 9: Environmental impacts and mitigation for the Puttalam Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Subprojects……………………………………………………………………………………49 Table 10: Environmental Monitoring Plan ……………………………………………………………56 Table 11: Environmental management and monitoring costs………………………………………62 Table 12: Comments made at public consultation meeting in Puttalam, 24 January 2008 ……..64 FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the project and proposed improvements in water supply infrastructure……6 Figure 2: Proposed location of Septage Treatment Facility…………………………………………..7 Figure 3: Proposed water storage in Eluwankulama and Achchamolai tanks…………………….11 Figure 4: Layout of proposed Septage Treatment Facility…………………………………………..13 Figure 5: Geology of Puttalam………………………………………………………………………….14 Figure 6: Average Monthly Rainfall in Puttalam, 1990-2004………………………………………..15 Figure 7: Current land use in Puttalam Town…………………………………………………………21 PHOTOGRAPHS Photo 1: Kala Oya causeway at Eluwankulama……………………………………………………...71 Photo 2: Canal from Kala Oya causeway……………………………………………………………..71 Photo 3: Eluwankulama Tank…………………………………………………………………………..71 Photo 4: Achchamolai Tank…………………………………………………………………………….71 Photo 5: Proposed location of WTP……………………………………………………………………71 Photo 6: Water tanks at existing WTP…………………………………………………………………71 iv Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam Photo 7: Puttalam to Eluwankulama road (south)……………………………………………………72 Photo 8: Overhead reservoir……………………………………………………………………………72 Photo 9: Roadside drains……………………………………………………………………………….72 Photo 10: Solid waste collection……………………………………………………………………….72 Photo 11: Electricity poles………………………………………………………………………………72 Photo 12: Local Authority road…………………………………………………………………………72 Photo 13: Colombo to Puttalam railway……………………………………………………………….73 Photo 14: Street in the centre of Puttalam…………………………………………………………….73 Photo 15: Street in the outskirts of Puttalam………………………………………………………….73 Photo 16: Metal reinforcing……………………………………………………………………………..73 Photo 17: Wooden shuttering…………………………………………………………………………..73 Photo 18: Roadside shrine……………………………………………………………………………...73 Photo 19: Puttalam to Eluwankulama road (north)…………………………………………………..74 Photo 20: Backhoe digger excavating a trench………………………………………………………74 Photo 21: Digging a trench by hand…………………………………………………………………...74 Photo 22: Proposed location of Septage Facility……………………………………………………..74 Photo 23: Houses 500 m from STP site……………………………………………………………….74 Supplementary Appendix L/Puttalam 1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose of the Report 1. The Dry Zone Urban Water and Sanitation Program (DZUWSP) is intended to facilitate sustainable development in disadvantaged districts in Sri Lanka. This will be achieved by investing in priority water supply and sanitation infrastructure in selected urban areas. Assistance will be targeted in those parts of the Northern and North-Western Provinces with the most acute shortages of drinking water and sanitation. Chosen urban areas are the towns of Mannar, Vavuniya, Puttalam and Chilaw. 2. DZUWSP will be implemented over five years beginning in early 2009, and will be supported by ADB through a project loan and grant. The Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage (MWSD) is the Executing Agency (EA) for the program and NWSDB is the Implementing Agency (IA). 3. DZUWSP will improve infrastructure through the development, design and implementation of subprojects in water supply and sanitation in each town.