(19) & (11) EP 2 491 794 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 29.08.2012 Bulletin 2012/35 A23J 1/12 (2006.01) A23J 1/00 (2006.01) A23J 1/16 (2006.01) A23K 1/16 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 12166855.2 A23K 1/18 A21D 13/08 A23L 1/16 (2006.01) A23L 1/164 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 02.08.2006 A23L 1/176 A23L 1/212 A23L 1/305 (2006.01) A23L 1/31 (2006.01) A23L 1/315 (2006.01) A23L 1/317 (2006.01) A23L 1/325 (2006.01) A23L 2/66 (2006.01) A21D 13/06 (2006.01) A23J 3/14 (2006.01) (84) Designated Contracting States: • SHANDERA, Donald, L., Jr. AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Ashland, NE Nebraska 68003 (US) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI • BELL, Eric SK TR Blair, NE Nebraska 58008 (US) Designated Extension States: AL BA HR MK RS (74) Representative: Ehnis, Tobias et al Patentanwälte (30) Priority: 03.08.2005 US 704953 P Dr. Gassner & Partner Marie-Curie-Strasse 1 (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in 91052 Erlangen (DE) accordance with Art. 76 EPC: 06789201.8 / 1 921 927 Remarks: This application was filed on 04-05-2012 as a (71) Applicant: Cargill, Incorporated divisional application to the application mentioned Minneapolis, MN 55440-5624 (US) under INID code 62. (72) Inventors: • FOX, Eugene, J. Dayton, OH Ohio 45415 (US) (54) Corn protein concentrates (57) The invention provides for corn protein concentrates (CPC). The CPC described herein can be used in food products for consumption by humans. EP 2 491 794 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 491 794 A1 Description TECHNICAL FIELD: 5 [0001] This invention relates to protein concentrates, and more particularly to corn protein concentrates. BACKGROUND: [0002] Corn wet milling is used to separate corn kernels into products such as starch, protein, fiber and oil. Corn wet 10 milling is a two stage process: a steeping process to soften the corn kernel and to facilitate the next step; and a wet milling process resulting in purified starch and different co-products such as oil, fiber, and protein. SUMMARY: 15 [0003] The invention provides for corn protein concentrates (CPC). The CPC described herein can be used in food products for consumption by humans. [0004] In one aspect, the invention provides a food product. Such a food product generally includes a base food and a corn protein concentrate incorporated on or in the base food. According to the invention, the corn protein concentrate is prepared by a process that includes the steps of contacting one or more protein-containing materials with one or more 20 wet-mill streams and one or more carbohydrases, which produces at least one protein concentrate and at least one aqueous stream containing water-soluble carbohydrates, separating the protein concentrate from the aqueous stream containing water-soluble carbohydrates. [0005] In some embodiments, the base food can be pasta (e. g., spaghetti), a baked product (e. g., bread, cake, cookies, or biscuits), or a snack food (e. g., chips, crackers, or trail mix). In other embodiments, the base food is meat 25 (e. g., chicken, pork, beef, or fish) and the corn protein concentrate is incorporated thereon in a batter or breading. In still other embodiments, the base food is a fruit or vegetable and the corn protein concentrate is incorporated thereon in a batter or breading. [0006] In some embodiments, the food product provides nutritional benefit. For example, the food product can be an energy bar or an energy drink. Such a food product that provides nutritional benefits also can include, for example, one 30 or more proteins from whey seed or legume seed. In another embodiment, the base food and/or the food product can be extruded. [0007] Representative wet-mill streams include steep liquor, light steep water, heavy steep liquor, or mixtures thereof, while representative protein-containing materials include light gluten fraction, heavy gluten fraction, corn gluten concen- trate, corn gluten meal, gluten cake, and mixtures thereof. Representative carbohydrases include alpha amylase, dex- 35 trinase, pullulanase, glucoamylase, hemicellulase, cellulase, and mixtures thereof. [0008] Such a process further can include, for example, defatting the protein- containing materials, contacting the one or more protein-containing materials with one or more phytases, and/or contacting the corn protein concentrate with a deodorizing compound (e. g., a cyclodextrin). [0009] In another aspect, the invention provides a corn protein concentrate that includes at least about 80% protein 40 on a dry weight basis and that substantially lacks one or more exogenous polypeptides having saccharification enzyme activity. Such a corn protein concentrate typically exhibits no significant difference in protein digestibility by an animal than does a corn gluten meal. In still another aspect, the invention provides for a corn protein concentrate that has: at least about 80% protein on a dry weight basis, less than about 5% of granular starch, and about 1% to about 10% liquefied starch carbohydrates and sugars. 45 [0010] In yet another aspect, the invention provides for corn protein concentrate, wherein, when the corn protein concentrate is compared to corn gluten meal, the corn protein concentrate: a) releases less protein into a 0.5 N NaOH solution; b) releases less protein into an SDS solution; c) has a pH that consistently stays above about 5; d) has a lower wet milling-like odor; e) has less bacterial counts; and/or; f) has 50 lower ash content on a per protein basis. [0011] Such a corn protein concentrate generally exhibits little to no difference in protein digestibility when compared to a corn gluten meal. [0012] In an aspect, the invention provides a corn protein concentrate, wherein, when the corn protein concentrate is 55 compared to corn gluten meal following extrusion, the corn protein concentrate: a) exhibits more controllable expansion; b) exhibits greater expansion; c) exhibits more uniform cell structure; d) creates a more homogenous product; and/or e) produces a pellet with a smoother surface. Such a corn protein concentrate has greater oil binding capacity during extrusion than does the corn gluten meal. 2 EP 2 491 794 A1 [0013] In one aspect, the invention provides a food product that includes an extruded corn protein concentrate as disclosed herein, wherein the food product further comprises a minimum of 10% oil and a maximum of 30% oil. Repre- sentative oils include, for example, vegetable oils (e. g., corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, or sunflower oil) and animal oils (e. g., chicken fat, tallow, white grease, lard, and fish oil). 5 [0014] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incor- 10 porated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. [0015] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the drawings and detailed description, and from the claims. 15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION: [0016] The present invention provides for a corn protein concentrate that can be used in food consumed by humans. Corn Protein Concentrate (CPC) 20 [0017] A CPC described herein generally has at least 80% protein (on a dry weight basis) (e. g., 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% on a dry weight basis). The CPC described herein is composed primarily of prolamines and glutelins based on the Osbourn Classification System of classifying proteins, which is based on the solubility or polypeptides in a solvent. A typical proximate analysis of a CPC described herein compared to corn gluten meal (CGM) is shown below. 25 Component CPC (as is) CGM (as is) Protein 75% 60% Fat 2.5% 2% 30 Fiber 3% 2.5 % Starch <1% 15% Moisture 10% 10% 35 Xanthophyll (Mg/lb) 121 107 Density (lb/cu ft) 38-41 36-43 [0018] A typical amino acid analysis of CGM is shown below. The amino acid composition of a CPC described herein 40 is not expected to differ significantly from that of CGM. Amino Acid % of Total % of Protein Alanine 5.94 7.92 Arginine 2.42 3.23 45 Aspartic Acid 4.40 5.87 Cystine 1.13 1.50 Glutamic Acid 15.5 20.7 Glycine 1.69 2.25 50 Histidine 1.76 2.35 Isoleucine 3.15 4.20 Leucine 12.9 17.3 Lysine 1.08 1.45 Methionine 1.59 2.12 55 Phenylalanine 4.65 6.20 Proline 6.95 9.27 Serine 4.07 5.42 3 EP 2 491 794 A1 (continued) Amino Acid % of Total % of Protein Threonine 2.21 2.95 5 Tryptophan 0.30 0.40 Tyrosine 4.22 5.62 Valine 3.44 4.59 [0019] As used herein, CGM refers to the dried residue from corn after the removal of the larger part of the starch and 10 germ and the separation of the bran by the process employed in the wet milling manufacture of corn starch or syrup, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm.