B>ÈV A˜>Ìœ“Þ >˜` *…ÞÈœ•IA˜ ˆ˜ÌÀœ Basic Anatomy & Physiology Li Ài«Àœ`ÕVi`] >`>«Ìi` ˜œÀ ÌÀ>˜ÃviÀÀi` Ìœ >˜œÌ…iÀ «>ÀÌÞ œr «>À̈ià ܈̅œÕÌ «ÀˆœÀ ÜÀˆÌÌi˜ «iÀ“ˆÃÈœ˜ œv Instruction Manual the Halth & Social Care Information Centre. An introduction for clinical coders For more information please Clinical Classifications Service contact ([email protected]) Website www.systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding Reference number 3811 © Health and Social Care Information Centre Date of issue August 2014 Anatomical illustrations © Health and Social Care Information Centre and Peak Dean Associates. They may not be reproduced, adapted nor transferred to another party or parties without written permission of Health and Social Care Information Centre. 1 Foreword This manual is intended to be used as a basic instruction tool, rather than a comprehensive course of study or a reference book. It will help promote an understanding of diseases and operations described in casenotes by providing information on body systems, how they work together, and the terminology used to describe them. The intended result is that those responsible for clinical coding will be better able to translate these concepts into the appropriate clinical codes. Contents Section 1..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction to Medical Terminology, Anatomy and Physiology .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Medical Terminology .................................................................................................... 5 Exercises on Medical Terminology .................................................................... 11 Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology ......................................................... 13 Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................ 14 Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................ 15 Section 2................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Musculoskeletal System ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 General description..................................................................................................... 16 Joints .................................................................................................................................... 19 Muscles .............................................................................................................................. 22 Glossary of Terms—Musculoskeletal System ............................................. 24 Exercises on the Musculoskeletal System .................................................... 26 Section 3................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 General description..................................................................................................... 31 Glossary of Terms—Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue.............................. 34 Exercises on the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue .................................... 35 Section 4................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Blood and the Circulatory System ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Circulatory System ....................................................................................................... 38 Heart ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Blood and Blood Cells .............................................................................................. 43 Lymphatic System ........................................................................................................ 44 Glossary of Terms— ................................................................................................... 45 Exercises on the Circulatory System ................................................................ 48 Section 5................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Nervous System and Sensory Organs ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Nervous System ............................................................................................................ 53 Central Nervous System .......................................................................................... 54 Peripheral Nervous System .................................................................................... 55 Glossary of Terms—Nervous System ............................................................... 58 The Eyes ........................................................................................................................... 60 Glossary of Terms—The Eyes ............................................................................... 63 The Ears ............................................................................................................................. 64 Glossary of Terms—The Ears ................................................................................ 66 Exercises on the Nervous System and Sensory Organs: Eyes and Ears ...................................................................................................................................... 67 Section 6 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Respiratory System ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 75 General description..................................................................................................... 75 Glossary of Terms—Respiratory System ....................................................... 78 Exercises on the Respiratory System .............................................................. 80 Section 7................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 84 Digestive System ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 84 General description..................................................................................................... 84 Upper digestive system ........................................................................................... 84 Lower digestive system............................................................................................ 88 Glossary of Terms—Digestive System ............................................................ 90 Exercises on the Digestive System ................................................................... 92 Section 8................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 3 Urinary System .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 General description..................................................................................................... 99 Glossary of Terms—Urinary