View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Chemical and Process Engineering Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online) Vol.48, 2017 Conversion of Waste Plastic into Liquid Hydrocarbons (ENERGY) by Cuco 3 Catalyst: Application of Scientific Research on Plastic Pollution Manvir Singh 1 Sudesh Kumar 1 Moinuddin Sarker 2 1.Department of Chemistry Banasthali University Rajasthan india 2.Waste Technologies LLC, Department of Research & Development, 1376 Chopsey Hill Road, Bridgeport, CT- 06606, USA Abstract Waste plastics were converted into valuable liquid hydrocarbon fuel. it is can be used as different purpose of energy-source such as petrol engines, diesel engines, generators, vehicles and its good source of chemicals etc. Plastics have many properties like light weight, high durability so its demand increases in every sector. Pyrolysis of the waste plastic (hdpe) was carried out with CuCO 3 catalysts and temperature range from 0 °C to 390 °C. The collected liquid hydrocarbons fuel was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, GCxGCMS spectrometer and fuel density was 78 g ml -1 and conversion was very good. The research paper exhibits concentrating on application for solving daily life issues and problems of plastic. Keywords: Pyrolysis, Liquid hydrocarbons fuel, CuCO 3 catalysts, Conversion, Glass reactor, GCxGCMS. Introduction First time plastic was invented by Alexander Parkes in 1862 that has a high molecular weight (Brydson 1999). A molecule formed by repetition of simple units is called polymer. Plastic is also called polymer for example polyethylene (Chanda 2000). The plastic is produced from non-sustainable coal or oil. It is a non-sustainable product. Plastic usages are increasing in automobiles, consumer packaging and government is spending on its infrastructure. India is expected to be among top 10 packaging consumers in the world by 2016 with demand set to reach $ 24 billion (Physical properties of plastics). India’s plastic industries believe, it is on the track to more than double its 20 million metric tons polymer consumption by 2020 (plastic consumption to double in India 2016). It was stated that like plastic recycling system can turn a menace into employment opportunity for millions of people. As India has a great resource of man-power and technology. Plastic recycling can be developed more to ensure the safety of the environmental (Indian industry looks to double plastics use 2020). The Technology help to save land recourse by utilizing waste plastic to generate valuable energy. Presently, a majority of the waste plastic is land filled and it is not sustainable because waste plastic takes very long time to decay (Plastic Europe, The compelling Facts about Plastic, 2007, 2008). Waste plastic can chemically compare to petroleum. The elemental composition of petroleum: Carbon 83-87 %, Hydrogen 10-14 %, Nitrogen 0.1-2 %, Sulfur 0.05-6 %, Metals < 0.1 % the most common metals are iron, copper and vanadium (Chemical composition of petroleum). Calculate the percent composition of carbon and hydrogen by below equation. n molar mass of the element Percent composition 100% molar mass of the compound Where n is the number of mole of the element in 1 mole of the compound. The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 gm the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.008 gm (Percent composition). To calculate the percent composition of carbon and hydrogen in hdpe or ldpe plastics [molecular formula of (C2H4)n]. 2 12.01 Percent of carbon 100 92.2781 26.03 2 1.008 Percent of hydrogen 100 7.72186 26.03 Total 92.27814+7.72186=100 Calorific value of a fuel is directly connected to its carbon content. Hence greater the percentage of carbon greater is the calorific value of the fuel and better is the quality of fuel. High percentage of hydrogen also increases the calorific value of fuel (Energy sources). Plastic includes carbon and hydrogen, the main thing which makes plastic waste valuable is longer carbon chains than those in gasoline and diesel fuels. Therefore, it’s possible to convert waste plastic into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Materials and method A. Materials Waste plastic (hdpe) collected from local markets. The waste plastic (hdpe) was white and transparent. Collected waste plastic (hdpe) was washed with liquid soap complete dust free and then dried in the sunlight. Waste water treated by acidic and alkali. Dried wastes plastic (hdpe) was cut into small pieces using grinder machine. Sample 21 Chemical and Process Engineering Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online) Vol.48, 2017 sizes are usually 3-4 mm. These grounded wastes were placed into the glass reactor prior to the experimental procedure. B. Method 90 grams the dried waste plastic (hdpe) and 10 grams CuCO 3 (purchase CDH chemical, catalogue no. 027833) catalysts material was put kept into a round shape glass reactor. Then the round shape glass reactor has been put into an insulated furnace which has protected the loss of heat and gives heat. Further, a condenser unit was set up with the reactor and the other end with the fuel collection device. In the furnace is temperature controller and temperature display. Then the temperature was increased slowly. Heating starts from 0 °C temperature to up to 390 °C. Inside the glass reactor, the solid waste plastic was converted into the vapors and then passes throw a glass pipe to a condenser and distillate and then liquid hydrocarbon collected. Waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbon fuel conversion rate is 86% (104 ml) and its density 78 g ml -1. It was observed that, it is only accelerating the degradation process but not creating any reaction against waste plastic. During the waste plastic conversation into liquid hydrocarbon fuel vapor are not converting to liquid fuel due to as a light gas (C 1-C4) and its boiling point is -°C temperature. The light gases are 10% of the total production process and 4% solid residues recovered from the production process. Experimental took about 4 h 35 min. Figure 1 Production process diagram of waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons Result and Discussions Analytical technique FT-IR ALPHA-T Brucker spectrum was used for liquid fuel analysis. NMR spectrometer 400 MHz Brucker was used for liquid fuel analysis. 1HNMR, 13 CNMR method are used for liquid analysis by NMR instrument. Deuterium chloroform (CDCl 3) solvent was used for sample preparation. Leco pegasus 4D GCxGC TOF MS, Split injection: 4mm restek siltek liner with siltek wool, one microliter at 250°C, primary column: 30m x 0.25mm x 0.25µm restek rtx-5MS column, primary column is non-polar and separates all compounds by boiling point, secondary column: 1m x 0.1mm x 0.1µm restek rxi -17, secondary column is polar and separates all compounds by polarity, constant flow helium gas 1.5 ml/min, split ratio 1:150. GC x GC oven program: 70 °C 1.0 m hold, 10°/min to 280°, 5 min hold, secondary oven offset 10, total run time: 27.0 min, modulation period 4 sec, hot pulse 0.9 sec, cold pulse 1.1 sec, GCxGC TOF MS parameter: source temperature 200°C, electron ionization 70 eV, mass range 35 to 600 u, acquisition rate 100 spectra/sec (4D). 22 Chemical and Process Engineering Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-7467 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0913 (Online) Vol.48, 2017 Liquid hydrocarbon fuel analysis 1.2e+007 1e+007 8e+006 6e+006 4e+006 2e+006 0 1st Time (s) 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2nd Time (s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TIC Figure 2 GCxGCMS 1 D chromatogram waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons Table 1 Chromatogram waste plastic (hdpe) into liquid hydrocarbons GCxGCMS 1 D chromatogram compound list Peak List as per classification Similarity as Primary and secondary column Peak Name Classifications S/N per NIST Area R.T. (s) library match 1 Nonane Saturate 4420.7 917 476 , 0.920 19228474 2 Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- 3433.5 876 536 , 1.020 5195124 3 Benzaldehyde Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 2270.3 865 540 , 1.110 2712695 4 1-Decene 9899.6 941 552 , 0.950 96422690 5 Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane 3509.3 799 556 , 0.980 10497598 6 Benzene, 1-ethyl-4-methyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 25980 873 556 , 1.040 15737948 7 Decane Saturate 13479 789 560 , 0.940 19472606 8 Cycloheptane, bromo- 2573.4 803 564 , 0.980 22146618 9 Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 9522.3 904 568 , 1.030 6964391 10 Benzene, 1-ethenyl-2-methyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 2277.3 854 568 , 1.050 3477830 11 2-Decyne 1726.1 840 580 , 0.980 24951273 12 Benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- 2495.9 848 592 , 1.020 3129755 13 Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 5633.9 885 596 , 1.050 5160647 14 Cyclodecane Cyclic /branched 2594 850 600 , 0.970 38667277 15 Oxalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester Cyclic /branched 2513.8 823 604 , 0.940 11032287 16 Cyclopentene, 1-butyl- Cyclic /branched 2873 852 608 , 0.980 10470297 17 Benzene, cyclopropyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 4434.9 880 612 , 1.080 3651327 18 Decane, 2-methyl- Cyclic /branched 2587.5 883 616 , 0.940 20963341 19 2-Undecyne Cyclic /branched 2047.8 849 616 , 0.990 8165961 20 Benzene, 1-methyl-3-propyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 12959 857 616 , 1.030 11579702 Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene, 3-methyl-4- 21 Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 7387.1 850 620 , 1.040 11200449 22 1-Decene, 9-methyl- Cyclic /branched 5854.8 836 624 , 0.950 18241098 23 Benzene, 1-methyl-3-propyl- Aromatic(Benzenes ,Napthalenes) 16774 879 632 , 1.050