<p> Chapter 6 Lesson 3 Notes “Battlegrounds Shift”</p><p>Fighting in the West</p><p> The Revolutionary War was of great interest to the Native Americans</p><p> Most Native Americans sided with the British because they thought they were less of a threat</p><p> The British and Native Americans raided American settlements west of the Appalachian Mtns.</p><p> July 1778: VA militia leader George Rogers Clark set out to end attacks in the West</p><p> Clark led a force of 175 westward down the Ohio River and over land</p><p> Patriots captured the British post at Kaskaskia and the town of Vincennes</p><p> British troops under Henry Hamilton recaptured Vincennes in December</p><p>. Clark vowed to get the town back and in February 1779, Clark and his troops surprised the British and forced their surrender</p><p>. This victory strengthened the American position in the West</p><p>The War at Sea</p><p> The British enjoyed a major advantage at sea due to their powerful navy</p><p> The British were able to blockade American harbors limiting delivery of supplies and troops</p><p> The American navy was too weak to operate effectively against the British</p><p> Congress allowed 2,000 ships to sail as privateers</p><p> Privateer: privately owned merchant ship outfitted with weapons</p><p>. Goal was to capture enemy merchant ships and cargo</p><p> Sailors from the whaling and fishing ports of New England made up the crews</p><p> John Paul Jones</p><p> American navy hero</p><p> 1st successes occurred while raiding British ports</p><p> September 1779: Jones’s ship the Bonhomme Richard met the British warship the Serapis</p><p>. The ships fought for hours . When asked to surrender, Jones is said to have answered, “I have not yet begun to fight.”</p><p>. Eventually, the Serapis surrendered.</p><p>. Victory made Jones a hero</p><p>Fighting in the South</p><p> In the early years of the war, the Americans won several battles in the South</p><p> Patriots saved the key port of Charles Town from the British</p><p> By 1778, the British had a new plan for ending the war. This plan focused on the South.</p><p> British hoped to use their sea power and support from Loyalists to win in the South</p><p> Late 1778: British general Henry Clinton sent troops to take Savannah. The British took the city and controlled most of the state.</p><p> May 1780: Clinton attacked Charles Town and the city surrendered (British took thousands of prisoners)</p><p> Worst American defeat of the war</p><p> Clinton returned to New York after victory at Charles Town. He left General Charles Cornwallis in command of British forces in the South</p><p> Congress sent troops under Horatio Gates to face Cornwallis</p><p> August 1780: the two armies meet at Camden, South Carolina</p><p> British won but Cornwallis soon learned he couldn’t control the area he conquered</p><p> Hit and Run Tactics</p><p> In the South, British troops were attacked by Patriot forces while moving through the countryside</p><p> The Patriots would appear, fire, and then disappear</p><p> Francis Marion a.k.a. the “Swamp Fox” was a successful Patriot leader that used these tactics</p><p>. Operated out of the swamps of eastern South Carolina</p><p>. Movie the “Patriot” based off of him</p><p> American Successes  September 1780: British moved north through the Carolinas after their victory at Camden</p><p> Along the way, the British warned people to join the British or else</p><p> Americans who received this message were mountain people who were extremely dependent.</p><p>. Warning angered them and they formed an army and set out to force the British off their land</p><p> Kings Mountain: militia force killed or captured British led force of about 1,000</p><p> October 1780: Nathanael Greene replaced Gates as commander of the Continental forces in the South. He divides his forces</p><p> January 1781: once section of Greene’s army defeat British at Cowpens, South Carolina</p><p>. Other section joined Francis Marion on his raids</p><p> March 1781: Greene joins his forces and met Cornwallis at Guilford Courthouse.</p><p>. Greene forced to retreat but the British sustained heavy losses and gave up the campaign to conquer the Carolinas</p><p> Cornwallis Retreats</p><p> April 1781: Cornwallis marched north to Virginia</p><p> Washington sent Lafayette to push Cornwallis back and Cornwallis took shelter at Yorktown</p>