<p> The International Research Foundation for English Language Education</p><p>QUESTIONS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING: SELECTED REFERENCES (Last updated 22 April 2016) </p><p>Andre, T. (1979). Does answering higher-level questions while reading facilitate productive learning? Review of Educational Research, 49(2), 280-318.</p><p>Banbrook, L., & Skehan, P. (1990). Classrooms and display questions. In. C. Brumfit & R. Mitchell (Eds.), Research in the language classroom (pp. 141-152). Hong Kong, China: Modern English Publications and the British Council.</p><p>Bateman, W. (1990). Open to question: The art of teaching and learning by inquiry. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.</p><p>Boyd, E., & Heritage, J. (2006). Taking the patient's medical history: Questioning during comprehensive history taking. In J. Heritage & D. Maynard (Eds.), Communication in medical care: Interactions between primary care physicians and patients (pp. 151-184). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Brock, C. (1986). The effect of referential questions on ESL classroom discourse. TESOL Quarterly, 20(1), 47-59. doi: 10.2307/3586388.</p><p>Bulgren, J. A., Lenz, B. K., Deshler, D. D., & Schumaker, J. B. (2001). The question exploration routine. Lawrence, KS: Edge Enterprises.</p><p>Carspecken, P. F. (1999). Four scenes for posing the question of meaning and other explorations in critical philosophy and critical methodology. New York, NY: Peter Lang.</p><p>David, O. F. (2007). Teacher's questioning behavior and ESL classroom interaction pattern. Humanity and Social Sciences Journal, 2(2), 127-131. de Ruiter, J. P. (Ed.). (2012). Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives (Vol. 12). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Dillon, J. T. (1988). Questioning and teaching: A manual of practice. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.</p><p>Dubois, B. L. & Crouch, I. (1976). The question of tag questions in women’s speech: They don’t really use more of them, do they? Language in Society, 4(3), 289-294.</p><p>Freed, A. F., & Ehrlich, S. (Eds.) (2010). “Why do you ask?” The function of questions in institutional discourse. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.</p><p>Freedman, R. L. H. (1994). Open-ended questioning: A handbook for educators. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.</p><p>1 177 Webster St., #220, Monterey, CA 93940 USA Web: www.tirfonline.org / Email: [email protected] The International Research Foundation for English Language Education</p><p>Gall, M. (1984). Synthesis of research on teacher questioning. Educational Leadership, 42(3), 40-47.</p><p>Felix, S. (1980). Cognition and language development: A German child’s acquisition of question words. Studies in Language Acquisition, 91-109.</p><p>Heritage, J. (2010). Questioning in medicine. In A. F. Freed & S. Ehrlich (Eds.), “Why do you ask?” The functions of questions in institutional discourse (pp. 42-68). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</p><p>Heritage, J. & Raymond, G. (2112). Navigating epistemic landscapes: Acquiescence, agency and resistance in response to polar questions. In J-P. De Ruiter (Ed.), Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Ho, D. G. E. (2005). Why do teachers ask the questions they ask? RELC Journal, 36(3), 297- 310.</p><p>Jones, M. L., & Quigley, S. P. (1979). The acquisition of question formation in spoken English and American Sign Language by two hearing children of deaf parents. journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 44(2), 196-208.</p><p>Kasper, G. & Ross, S.J. (2007). Multiple questions in oral proficiency interviews. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 2045-2070.</p><p>Kasulis, T. (1986). Questioning. In M. M. Gilette (Ed.), The art and craft of teaching. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p><p>Kim, Y. (2013). Effects of pretask modeling on attention to form and question development. TESOL Quarterly, 47(1), 8-35. </p><p>Koshik, I. (2002). A conversation analytic study of yes/no questions which convey reversed polarity assertions. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(12), 1851-1877. doi: 10.1016/S0378- 2166(02)00057-7</p><p>Koshik, I. (2005). Alternative questions used in conversational repair. Discourse Studies, 7(2), 193-212. doi: 10.1177/1461445605050366</p><p>Koshik, I. (2010). Questions that convey information in teacher-student conferences. In. A. Freed & S. Ehrlich (Eds.), “Why do you ask?” The function of questions in institutional discourse (pp. 159-186). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. </p><p>Lee, Y.-A. (2006). Respecifying display questions: Interactional resources for language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 40(4), 691-713. doi: 10.2307/40264304</p><p>2 177 Webster St., #220, Monterey, CA 93940 USA Web: www.tirfonline.org / Email: [email protected] The International Research Foundation for English Language Education</p><p>Long, M. H., & Sato, C. J. (1983). Classroom foreigner talk discourse: Forms and functions in teachers’ questions. In H. W. Seliger & M. H. Long (Eds.), Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition (pp. 268-285). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House. Mackey, A. (1999). Input, interaction, and second language development: An empirical study of question formation in ESL. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(4), 557-589.</p><p>McDonough, K. (2005). Identifying the impact of negative feedback and learners’ resonses on ESL question development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 79-103. doi: 10.1017/S0272263105050047</p><p>Margutti, P. (2006). Are you human beings? Order and knowledge construction through questioning in primary classroom interaction. Linguistics and Education, an International Research Journal, 17(4), 313- 346. doi: 1016/j.linged2006.12.002.</p><p>Mehan, H. (1979). “What time is it Denise?” Asking known information questions in classroom discourse. Theory Into Practice, 18(4), (285-294). doi: 10.1080/00405847909542846</p><p>Menke, D. J., & Pressley, M. (1994). Elaborative interrogation: Using" why" questions to en- hance the learning from text. Journal of Reading, 37(8), 642-645.</p><p>Nunn, R. (1999). The purpose of language teachers’ questions. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 37(1), 23-42. doi:10.1515/iral.1999.37.1.23</p><p>Pressley, M., Snyder, B. L., Levin, J. R., Murray, H. G., & Ghatala, E. S. (1987). Perceived readiness for examination performance (PREP) produced by initial reading of text and text containing adjunct questions. Reading Research Quarterly, 219-236.</p><p>Raymond, G. (2003). Grammar and social organization: Yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding. American Sociological Review, 68(12), 939-967. doi: 10.2307/1519752</p><p>Raymond, G. (2010). Grammar and social relations: Alternative forms of yes-no-type initiating actions in health visitor interactions. In A. F. Freed & S. Ehrlich (Eds.), “Why do you ask?” The function of questions in institutional discourse (pp. 87-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</p><p>Redfield, D. L., & Rousseau, E. W. (1981). A meta-analysis of experimental research on teacher questioning behavior. Review of Educational Research, 51(2), 237-245.</p><p>Rosenshine, B., Meister, C., & Chapman, S. (1996). Teaching students to generate questions: A review of the intervention studies. Review of Educational Research, 66(2), 181-221.</p><p>Rowland, C. F., & Pine, J. M. (2000). Subject–auxiliary inversion errors and wh-question acqui- sition: ‘What children do know?’. Journal of Child Language, 27(01), 157-181.</p><p>Sanders, N. (1966). Classroom questions: What kinds? New York, NY: Harper & Row. 3 177 Webster St., #220, Monterey, CA 93940 USA Web: www.tirfonline.org / Email: [email protected] The International Research Foundation for English Language Education</p><p>Shomoossi, N. (2004). The effects of teachers' questioning behavior on EFL classroom interaction: a classroom research study. The Reading Matrix, 4(2), 96-103.</p><p>Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. (1993). Instruction and the development of questions in L2 classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15(2), 205-224. doi: 10.1017/50272263100011967.</p><p>Stivers, T. (2010). An overview of the question-response system in American English conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(10), 2772-2781. doi:10.1016/jl.pragma.2010.04.011</p><p>Thompson, J. (1997). Training teachers to ask questions. ELT Journal, 51(2), 99-105. doi: 10.1093/elt/51.2.99</p><p>Thompson, S. (1998). Why ask questions in a monologue? Language choices at work in scientific and linguistic talk (pp. 137-150). In S. Hunston (Ed.), Language at work. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. </p><p>Waring, H. Z. (2012). “Any questions?” Investigating the nature of understanding checks in the language classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 46, 722-752.</p><p>Wolf, D. (1987). The art of questioning. Academic Connection, 7(12), 2003.</p><p>Wright, C. (2013). An investigation of working memory effects on oral grammatical accuracy and fluency in producing questions in English. TESOL Quarterly, 47(2), 352-374.</p><p>Wu, K.-Y. (1993). Classroom interaction and teacher questions revisited. RELC Journal, 24(2), 49-68. doi: 10.1177/003368829302400203</p><p>Yang, R. C. (2010). Teacher's questions in second language classrooms: An investigation of three case studies. Asian EFL Journal, 12(1), 181-201.</p><p>Ying, X. (2011). The present situation of English teachers' questioning in senior middle school and positive strategies. Asia-Pacific Science and Culture Journal,1(3), 1-15.</p><p>4 177 Webster St., #220, Monterey, CA 93940 USA Web: www.tirfonline.org / Email: [email protected] </p>