<p> Industry, MSMEs, Public Sector, Services, FDI</p><p>Industry: Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, Small scale and cottage industries</p><p>New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals</p><p>Situation at Independence</p><p>1. From 1815 to 1832, by what % did India’s cotton exports decline? By 1850, what % of Britain’s cotton exports was India buying?</p><p>2. ‘The ruin of traditional trades and crafts was the result of the British commercial policy’. Elborate.</p><p>3. Which major industries developed in India during the 19th century? After 1907? During 1930s?</p><p>4. In 1946, cotton and jute accounted for nearly what % of all workers employed in factories? What % of total value added in manufacturing originated in cotton and jute textiles? What does this show?</p><p>5. At what rate did modern industry grow between 1918 and 1947? Why? What was its share in national income in 1947?</p><p>6. In 1951, what % of the labour force was employed in modern industries? Answer: 2.3%</p><p>7. What was the state of India’s capital or producer goods industry at the time of independence? </p><p>8. What was the impact of railways?</p><p>9. What were the 3 main characteristics of foreign investments (FDI) in India during colonial times?</p><p>10. Despite all this, there were some major developments during the 1930s and 1940s that procided Indian industry with a base for post-Independence economic development. Outline these.</p><p>11. At the eve of planning (1950), the industrial scene in India was lopsided. Comment. Industrial Policy since Independence</p><p>12. To what extent was the public sector control of the industrial sector envisaged in the First Five Year Plan? When did this view change?</p><p>13. Describe India’s industrial control regime from 1956 to the end of 1970s.</p><p>14. Outline India’s industrial policy reforms in the 1980s. List three major exceptions to the general policy of domestic deregulation in the 1980s.</p><p>15. What were the major reasons for the macroeconomic crisis of 1991?</p><p>16. List the 6 major strands of structural reforms introduced in the early 1990s.</p><p>17. List the key features of the National Manufacturing Policy of 2011.</p><p>Industrial Growth and Structure Since 1951</p><p>1. Name the four broad phases of industrial growth in India since independence. Where applicable, mention growth rates as well (for manufacturing sector as a whole, including both registered and unregistered manufacturing). </p><p>2. What were some of the reasons for the deceleration in growth after 1965?</p><p>3. What were some of the reasons for growth revival in the 1980s?</p><p>4. In the pre-reform regime, what role was the private sector expected to play?</p><p>5. In which infrastructure sector have the reforms been most successful? Why?</p><p>6. Describe the industrial growth experience in the 1990s. </p><p>7. What was the average growth rate of India’s industrial sector (measured by the IIP) during during: 1981-91, and 1992-1999?</p><p>8. What was the performance of the capital goods sector in the 1990s? Why was this the case?</p><p>9. What was the average growth rate of manufacturing between: 1993- 1996, and 1996-2002? Why?</p><p>10. Describe the experience of growth in Indian manufacturing between 2002 and 2007. 11. Describe the experience of growth in Indian manufacturing between 2008 and 2013.</p><p>12. What, roughly, has been the GFCF in Indian industry in recent years? Answer: about 30%</p><p>13. What are some of the major current challenges faced by industry in India?</p><p>14. What has been the India experience of employment in manufacturing since reforms? </p><p>15. Contrast the rate of growth of manufacturing GDP and employment growth in manufacturing (figures) between: 1993-1999, and 1999-2009.</p><p>16. Why did the speeding up of the reforms after 1991 not yield faster output, employment, and labour-intensive growth? </p><p>17. Dismantiling of the much reviled ‘permit raj’ led to acceleration of industrial growth in India. Comment. </p><p>18. What reforms are required now?</p><p>Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)</p><p>1. Elaborate the significance of MSMEs in Indian economy.</p><p>2. What % of the manufacturing output is accounted for by the MSME sector? % of exports? Employment (number, not %)?</p><p>3. Besides GDP earners, what are the two distinguishing features of MSME sector that make it very important?</p><p>4. What is the investment in plant and machinery limit for enterprises to classify as MSME (in manufacturing)?</p><p>5. What is the average annual growth rate of employment in MSMEs?</p><p>6. Contrast the investment required to generate one job in MSMEs v/s in the large organized sector.</p><p>7. Analyse MSME performance in the 1980s v/s the 1990s with respect to:  Growth in employment (avg)  Growth in output  Growth in exports  Share in exports  Share in employment </p><p>8. Elaborate the challenges to MSMEs in India, and mention some of the steps taken/ being taken by the government to correct these.</p><p>Public Sector</p><p>1. What was the Mahalanobis strategy? Why was it adopted (6 reasons)?</p><p>2. What % of India’s GDP is generated by the public sector?</p><p>3. Has the significance of the public sector in national output declined after the reforms? What does this indicate?</p><p>4. In the public sector, what is the correct measure of profitability? How have the central PSUs fared in this regard?</p><p>5. Why have the central PSUs performed rather well in the post reform period?</p><p>6. Despite the above, why is the overall financial health of the public sector poor?</p><p>7. What has been the rise/ fall in public sector price deflator compared to the GDP deflator since 1961 (last 40 years)?</p><p>8. Summarize Kelkar’s views on disinvestment, and in general, performance and role of Indian PSUs.</p><p>Services</p><p>1. What % of India’s GDP was accounted for by services in 1950?</p><p>2. What part of India’s GDP is accounted for by services? (with and without including the construction sector)</p><p>3. What has been a curious observation about the share of services in India’s GDP?</p><p>4. What % of employment is accounted for by the services sector?</p><p>5. According to CSO classification, what are the 4 broad classifications of the services sector?</p><p>6. Which services subsectors have the highest employment elasticity? 7. In 2013-14, what was the share of services in GCF? Which 3 subsectors account for most of this?</p><p>8. Contrast the growth rates of services, agriculture, and industry between 1950-1980.</p><p>9. Contrast the growth rates of services, agriculture, and industry in 1990s.</p><p>10. What has been the CAGR of services between 2000 and 2013? Of overall GDP?</p><p>11. What % of the Indian services sector caters to producer services? What does this show?</p><p>12. What % of India’s FDI does the services sector account for?</p><p>13. List 4 reasons for this strong performance of the services sector.</p><p>14. What was the growth rate of services exports in 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s?</p><p>15. What was India’s share in world services exports in 1990, and in 2013?</p><p>16. What % of services exports do software (computer services) account for?</p><p>17. During 2006-2011, nearly what % of merchandise trade deficit was financed by services?</p><p>18. What are some of the domestic and external barriers to India’s services exports?</p><p>19. What are some issues of concern regarding the services sector?</p><p>FDI- Read from answer sheet</p>