<p> Chapter 2 Guided Reading</p><p>Sect. 1 City-States in Mesopotamia</p><p>1. What does “Mesopotamia” mean? 2. What type of climate dominates the landscape between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea? 3. How did farmers benefit from the annual flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? 4. What attracted Sumerians to Mesopotamia? 5. Name the three disadvantages of living in Mesopotamia. 6. What solutions did the people of Sumer create to deal with those disadvantages? 7. Name some innovations of Sumerian civilization. 8. What is a city-state? 9. How did priests and rulers share control? 10. What is cultural diffusion? 11. What is polytheism? 12. Name the social classes of Sumerian society. 13. Name some technological innovations coming from the Sumerians. 14. Who created the world’s first empire? 15. Who was Hammurabi?</p><p>Sect. 2: Pyramids on the Nile</p><p>1. In which direction does the Nile River flow? 2. How did the flooding of the Nile River benefit Egyptians? 3. Name some risks to life in Egypt. 4. What is a cataract? 5. What is a delta? 6. What were the two separate kingdoms of Egypt? 7. Who united these two kingdoms? 8. How many dynasties did ancient Egypt have? 9. What is a pharaoh? 10. What is a theocracy? 11. What were pyramids? 12. Name the major gods and goddesses of Egyptian religion. 13. What was the job of the “Devourer of Souls”? 14. Why were the bodies of Egyptian royalty and elite mummified? 15. What were the social classes of Egyptian society? 16. How were women treated in Egyptian society? 17. What are hieroglyphics? 18. What is papyrus? 19. Name some Egyptian innovations. 20. When did the end of the Old Kingdom arrive? What advancements were created in Egypt during the Middle Kingdom?</p>