<p>Supplementary Figure.1</p><p>RANBP2-ALK fusion was detected in a re-biopsy sample obtained after ceritinib therapy. </p><p>ALK fusions were detected by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using RNA </p><p> extracted from fresh-frozen biopsy samples. Synthesis of cDNA templates was performed </p><p> with total RNA (1 μg), Random Primer (hexadeoxyribonucleotide mixture; pd(N)6) </p><p>(TAKARA BIO, Shiga, Japan) and Omniscript RT Kit (QIAGEN). Information on the </p><p> primers for detecting CARS-ALK, CTLC-ALK, RANBP2-ALK, ATIC-ALK, SEC31L1-</p><p>ALK (both long-form and short-form fusion transcripts), TPM3-ALK and TPM4-</p><p>ALK fusion genes which have been previously reported in patients with IMT [5], was</p><p> kindly provided by Dr. Geoffrey Shapiro (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, </p><p>USA). RANBP2-ALK fusion was also confirmed by 5’-RACE (rapid amplification of </p><p> cDNA ends) assay (data not shown).</p><p>Supplementary Figure.2</p><p>A: Results of amplicon-based massively parallel sequencing with DNA extracted from re-</p><p> biopsy tissue sample. Amplicon-based massively parallel sequencing was performed on a</p><p>MiSeq platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA) using TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel and an </p><p> additional custom panel (Illumina). Detection of somatic mutations in cancer-related genes</p><p> from outputted raw data was performed in accordance with Serizawa et al [22]. Data </p><p> visualization was performed with Integrated Genome Viewer [23].</p><p>B: Results of validation for K478T mutation with Sanger sequencing. DNA </p><p> sequencing template was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the </p><p>PyroMark PCR Kit (QIAGEN) using 10 ng of genomic DNA and primers 5’-</p><p>GCTATTATCCTGAGTCTTATGTCT-3’ and 5’-GCTTTGGATCTGCATGAA-3’), </p><p> and purified by AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). The </p><p> sequencing reaction was performed with BigDye® Terminator v3.1Result kit (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), 10 ng purified PCR product and </p><p> sequencing primer (5’-TATCCTGAGTCTTATGTCTG-3’). The nucleotide sequence </p><p> was detected with 3130xL Genetic Analyzer (Life Technologies), and analyzed with CLC main workbench (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark).</p><p>References</p><p>[22] Serizawa M, Yokota T, Hosokawa A, Kusafuka K, Sugiyama T, Tsubosa Y, et al. The</p><p> efficacy of uracil DNA glycosylase pretreatment in amplicon-based massively parallel</p><p> sequencing with DNA extracted from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded esophageal</p><p> cancer tissues. Cancer Genet. 2015;208:415</p><p>[23] Robinson JT, Thorvaldsdóttir H, Winckler W, Guttman M, Lander ES, Getz G, et al.</p><p>Integrative genomics viewer. Nat. Biotechnol 2011;29:24</p>