<p> Ahlcon Public School, Mayur Vihar-1, Delhi.</p><p>Class: XI Subject: HISTORY Assignment No. 4</p><p>Academic Session: 2016-17</p><p>Theme 4 – The Central Islamic Lands (Questions marked with an ** are to be done for H.W.)</p><p>1. Examine what is known about the background of Prophet Muhammad and the early Arabs. </p><p>2. What is meant by the term ‘mawali’?</p><p>3. State the features of the new faith created by Muhammad / the chief teachings of Islam. How did people initially react to his teachings?</p><p>4. ** Describe how Muhammad organized the umma and set about creating an Arab / Islamic Empire.</p><p>5. ** Analyze the political, religious, military and social consequences of the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. </p><p>6. How did sects emerge in Islam? </p><p>7. Examine the steps taken by the Ummayad Caliphs to centralize political power and promote an Arab- Islamic identity.</p><p>8. Why was the coming to power of the Abbasids called a revolution? State the features of the Abbasid Caliphate.</p><p>9. ** Describe the manner in which the Caliphate disintegrated. When and how did the Turkish Sultanates rise to power?</p><p>10. (PLEASE WRITE EACH QUESTION and THEN WRITE THE ANSWER) ** (a) State the meaning of the term ‘Crusades’. When did they occur? ** (b) Explain why friction developed in the relationship between the Muslims and the Christians between the 7th –11th century.</p><p>11. ** Describe the major developments which took place during the Crusades. Did these wars have any long term and / or short term impact? Explain.</p><p>12. Describe how land owning and agriculture was organized in the Arab / Islamic empire.</p><p>13. ** Examine how the new urban centers of the Arab Empire were typically organized. </p><p>14. What were ‘garrison cities’?</p><p>15. Examine how trade and commerce developed in the Arab / Islamic empire. Support your answer with specific examples.</p><p>16. ** The Arabs made remarkable economic innovations. Explain.</p><p>17. ** Explain how and why the sharia was created. </p><p>18. Examine the chief features of the Sufi movement. To what extent did Sufism pose a challenge to orthodox Islam?</p><p>19. Describe the major developments and changes taking place in Arab / Islamic literature and learning during this period.</p><p>20. What is meant by ‘adab’?</p><p>21. ** With the help of specific examples, describe the chief features of Islamic art and architecture. What were the chief decorative devices used?</p><p>22. ** Mapwork: On a political map of Asia (Pg.82) :- mark and label the following- MAP 1: Shade the extent of empire under Muhammad; expansion of the empire by 750 CE (MAKE AN APPROPRIATE KEY). Label the major provinces- Anatolia, Egypt, Palestine, Hejaz, Yemen, Arabia, Syria, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Transoxiana. MAP 2: Label the Byzantine Empire. Mark with a dot and label the following cities- Alexandria, Cairo, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Damascus, Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Antioch, Constantinople, Samarkand, Ghazni.</p>