<p> HISTOLOGY FINAL WRITTEN EXAM 1. As air passes from the outer environment into the lower reaches of the respiratory system it passes through a series of tubes. Which is the correct order for these tubes: A. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus. B. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus C. Trachea, lobar bronchi, primary bronchus, respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus D. Trachea, primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, alveolus, alveolar duct. E. Primary bronchus, trachea, lobar bronchi, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolus.</p><p>2. If you wanted to increase the resolution of a microscope you could: A. Use toludine blue rather than H&E stain B. Use illuminating light of lower wavelength C. Apply more concentrated stain to your specimen D. Use your microscope in a room with faint light E. Use ocular lenses of higher magnification</p><p>3. All of the following are discrete endocrine glands EXCEPT? A. Pituitary B. Pineal C. Adrenals D. Pancreas E. Thyroid</p><p>4. Blood is filtered specifically by which of the following organs/tissues: A. Renal glomerulus and splenic red pulp B. Choriocapillaris and superficial vascular plexus in upper reticular dermis C. Lymph node medulla and choroid plexus D. Bone marrow and secondary capillary plexus of adenohypophysis E. Lymphatic capillaries and hepatic sinusoids</p><p>5. All of the following may be found in the normal dermis EXCEPT: A. Merkel cells B. Meissner corpuscles C. Langerhans cells D. blood vessels E. smooth muscle fibers</p><p>6. Which is not correct concerning circumvallate papillae: A. They have numerous taste buds in their lateral wall B. They are surrounded by a deep groove. C. They are associated with the serous glands of von Ebner D. They contain taste buds in their dorsal surface E. They form a V shaped row between the anterior and posterior tongue</p><p>- 1 - 7. The adult male breast lacks: A. Terminal ducts B. Myoepithelial cells C. Segmental ducts D. Fibrous tissue E. Acini</p><p>8. Which of the following is correct concerning the false vocal cords: A. Moving from the oral cavity they are distal to the true vocal cords B. The vocal ligaments lie beneath the epithelium. C. There are numerous serous glands beneath the epithelium D. They contain large bundles of skeletal muscle E. They are covered by a stratified squamous epithelium.</p><p>9. The vagina has all of the following EXCEPT: A. Glands B. Collagen C. Adventitia D. Lymphatics E. Nerves</p><p>10. Cytocrine secretion is found: A. When small pieces of cytoplasm are removed from developing spermatids. B. As melanocytes transfer melonosomes to keratinocytes C. Is found near peyers patches D. Uniquely in ependymal cells E. Goes through cyclic phases in the ectocervix</p><p>11. The cells which produce cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS are: A. Glial cell of the gray matter B. Ependymal cells of the terminal ganglia C. Ependymal ces in gray matter D. Pia mater cells E. Ependymal cells in the lateral ventricles</p><p>14. The lamina densa: A. makes contact with basal keratinocytes B. is visible only by light microscopy C. contains the extracellular component of hemidesmosomes D. is an attachment point for anchoring fibrils E. contains tonofilaments</p><p>13. During a wild weekend before exams, you and a group of friends pay a visit to Roger's Rattlesnake Ranch. No sooner than do you get out of the car when you are bitten on the leg by some unknown insect. Immediately a large welt forms and your leg begins to itch terribly. It is obvious you are allergic to whatever venom the evil insect injected into you. Your classmates are oblivious to your discomfort and instead begin discussing performing a skin biopsy at the site of the bite (after all, they were able to do a fairly</p><p>- 2 - good job in Gross Anatomy lab). They correctly state that if they were to look at a histologic section of this area of your skin, they would expect to see: A. Formation of cartilage islands. B. A lack of Type I collagen. C. An abundance of eosinophils in the underlying dermis. D. Proliferation of Sertoli cells in the subdermis. E. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands.</p><p>14. During erythropoiesis it takes approximately how long for a basophilic normoblast in the bone marrow to become a mature RBC in the peripheral circulation? A. 1 month B. 60 days C. 12 hrs D. 7 days E. 24 hrs</p><p>15. During your final Histology laboratory, you look at a toluidine blue-stained slide of the epididymis. It brings back fond memories of your very first Histology lab when you looked at this same slide (trust me, you did). Your eyes are beginning to tear a bit as you realize how much you have learned, and then you notice a cell (actually there are several of them) in the connective tissue. They have a centrally placed, spherical nucleus and their cytoplasm is full of large basophilic granules. In some of the cells the granules are so abundant they actually obscure the nucleus. You also note that these cells are easiest to find in the connective tissue around the blood vessels. These cells are most likely: A. Eosinophils B. Melanocytes C. Leydig cells D. Plasma cells E. Mast cells</p><p>16. The zona pellucida first appears in: A. Secondary follicles B. Tertiary follicles C. Primordial follicles D. Primary follicles E. Antral follicles</p><p>17. Although you were supposed to be studying for Finals, you decide to meet some classmates at Barry's Buccaneer Bar for a quick bite. While waiting for your Pirate Burger (supersized with Shiver-Me-Timbers Tater Tots), you notice this little orange thing sticking out of one of your classmate's ears. It becomes obvious that there is an earplug in her external auditory meatus. Since you ARE studying for Finals, your brain immediately begins churning through everything you know about the ear and you are certain that the external auditory meatus: A. Houses the crista ampullaris. B. Originates at the modiolus. C. Contains the auditory ossicles. D. Is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium. E. Contains ceruminous glands.</p><p>- 3 - 18. The connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of nerves in the PNS is the: A. fascia B. endoneurium C. ectoneurium D. perineurium E. gristle</p><p>19. A patient is found to be suffering from weight loss, reduced muscle mass and a diminished lymphocyte count. An increased synthesis and release of which of the following products is the likely cause? A. Cortisol B. Adrenaline C. IgA D. Parathormone E. Aldosterone</p><p>20. All of the following are true of bone matrix EXCEPT: A. Is a storage site for calcium B. Contains glycoproteins C. Comprises predominantly Type II collagen D. The organic component is known as osteoid E. Contains glycosaminoglycans</p><p>21. Nodes of Ranvier are: A. Interruptions in the myelin sheath B. Aggregates of red blood cell precursors receiving iron from a macrophage C. Innervations of osteo- and chondroclasts D. Ganglia in the female reproductive system E. Specialized nerve termini in the hepatic portal tract</p><p>22. Which of the following is true? A. The most common neuron is the bipolar neuron B. Duodenal Brunner's glands are elaborate endocrine glands C. The cytoskeletal fibrous element with the smallest diameter is the microtubule D. Venous valves are more frequent than those of the lymphatic system E. Microglial cells are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system</p><p>23. Which of the following statements about the gallbladder is FALSE? A. The adventitia consists of dense connective tissue and is continuous with Stenson's capsule. B. Luminal folds of the mucosa are lined by columnar epithelium. C. Approximately one liter of bile is collected and concentrated in the gallbladder every day. D. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin which is produced by cells in the duodenum. E. The smooth muscle of the gallbladder does not form well-developed layers, and there is no muscularis mucosa.</p><p>- 4 - 21. A 55-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with overwhelming sepsis due to a bacterial infection. Examination of various tissues of her body would be expected to show each of the following EXCEPT: A. Increased numbers of segmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood. B. Proliferation of B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. C. Increased numbers of plasma cells in the peripheral blood. D. Enlarged lymph nodes with numerous secondary follicles. E. Formation of Malpighian corpuscles in the spleen.</p><p>25. Which of the following is incorrect concerning adult teeth: A. Cementum can be produced by cementocytes B. The pulp cavity can diminish in size with age. C. Fibers from the periodontal ligament anchor the tooth in the socket. D. Enamel is worn away by friction and not replaced E. Dentine is continuously deposited by ameloblasts</p><p>26. Which of the following pairs of bands/lines, change in width during contraction/relaxation? A. I band and H band B. I band and A band C. Z line and H band D. M line and I band E. A band and H band</p><p>Matching: For each numbered item (Column 1), choose the letter of the most closely related item in Column 2. Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.</p><p>27. Mixed Salivary glands with serous A. Parotid gland demilunes, discharging secretions via B. Submandibular gland Wharton's duct. C. Sublingual gland 28. Serous glands without striated ducts D. Exocrine pancreas or myoepithelial cells. E. Endocrine pancreas 29. Primarily mucous glands 30. Discrete vascular areas with cells which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.</p><p>31. In Gross Anatomy lab, while performing a dissection of the thorax of your 89-year-old cadaver, you search for the thymus. You remove a piece of tissue from the anterior mediastinum. If this is thymic tissue, a histologic section should show: A. Several clusters of Hofbauer cells. B. Numerous Type I and II collagen fibers. C. Large numbers of ependymal cells. D. Mostly fat and connective tissue with a few remnants of thymus. E. Lymphoid follicles, many with germinal centers.</p><p>- 5 - 32. Which of the following is CORRECT? A. Kupffer cells are the source of bile in the liver. B. Ito cells are found in the space of Disse. C. The blood flow in the liver is towards the portal vein. D. Bile canaliculi are lined by cuboidal epithelium. E. In the normal human liver, dense fibrous bands connect the portal tracts.</p><p>33. The functional state of the thyroid can be determined by a number of characteristics. Which of the following groups of characteristics can best determine the functional state of this tissue? A. Size of follicular cells; size of parafollicular cells; number of intra-follicular villi B. Serum tyrosine concentration; number of follicular cells; serum iodine concentration C. Size of follicles; number of 'C' cells; vascularity D. Increased number of acidophils; reduced number of basophils; increased ACTH release E. Size and shape of epithelium; size of follicles; amount of colloid</p><p>34. Choose the correct answer. A cartilage capsule: A. Is eosinophilic B. Is the part of the matrix around a lacuna C. Is composed of chondroblasts D. Contains fibrous and chondrogenic layers E. Is highly cellular</p><p>35. Concerning skeletal muscle structure, which of the following is FALSE? A. A muscle fiber is surrounded by an endomysium B. Many muscle fibers are innervated by a single axon C. Bundles of muscle fascicles are surrounded by an epimysium D. A muscle fascicle is surrounded by a perimysium E. T-tubules and terminal sarcoplasmic reticulum form dyads</p><p>36. Choose the correct answer regarding bone: A. Osteoclasts produce bone matrix B. Bones lengthen via endochondral ossification C. Bones can undergo appositional and interstitial growth D. Skull bones form by endochondral ossification E. The epiphysis is required for intramembranous ossification</p><p>37. A major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is: A. synthesis of hormones B. phosphorylation of small peptides C. glycosylation of proteins D. storage of triglycerides E. synthesis of antibodies</p><p>- 6 - 38. Choose the correct answer regarding cartilage: A. Elastic cartilage can undergo appositional and interstitial growth B. Fibrocartilage is the type of cartilage that is found in the nostrils C. Chondroblasts produce the cartilage matrix D. Is highly vascular E. Chondroblasts are located in lacuna in the matrix</p><p>39. The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are: A. contain the fovea and optic nerve head respectfully B. criss-crossed by zonular fibers C. separated by the iris D. filled with aqueous and vitreous humor respectfully E. separated by the cornea</p><p>40. The following is a histological feature of all parts of the collecting system (intra- and extrarenal): A. Muscularis with 2 layers of smooth muscle B. Muscularis with 3 layers of smooth muscle C. Stratified squamous epithelium D. Transitional epithelium E. A distinct serosa</p><p>41. Due to the presence of a large number of tubular glands which of the following has a lamina propria in which it is difficult to see plasma cells, collagen fibers, lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophils? A. large intestine B. anal canal C. jejunum D. gastric stomach E. appendix</p><p>42. Which segment of the nephron is present in all zones of the kidney (cortex and inner and outer medulla). A. Collecting tubule/duct B. Thick ascending limb C. Thick descending limb D. Thin limbs E. Distal convoluted tubule</p><p>43. Longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle are found in: A. muscularis mucosa of the esophagus B. the umbilical vein and arteries C. parietal pericardium D. the tongue E. elastic arteries</p><p>- 7 - 44. Principle and intercalated cells are present in the following segment of the nephron: A. Thick descending limb B. Thin limbs C. Collecting tubule D. Proximal convoluted tubule E. Distal ascending tubule</p><p>45. Soft" keratin is NOT: A. found in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle B. produced via trichohyaline granules C. found in the stratum corneum D. produced by tricholemmal keratinization E. produced via keratohyaline granules</p><p>MATCHING: For each numbered item (column 1), choose the letter of the most closely related item in column 2. Each answer can be used once, more than once, or not all. (NOTE: Scantron allows only 5 choices in column 2, you're limited to "a, b, c, d, & e")</p><p>COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 46. Renin A. Major site of concentration of filtrate 47. Glomerular basement membrane B. Angiotensin II 48. Collecting duct C. Major site of reabsorption of filtrate 49. Proximal tubule D. Role in filtration of plasma E. Also called the "diluting segment"</p><p>50. You are called on to start an IV infusion on a patient who is severely dehydrated. As your needle passes through the epidermis and dermis and approaches the vein in your patients arm it will pass through (in order) which of the following until it reaches the bloodstream? A. thick t. adventitia with large bundles of longitudinal muscle, thin t. media, no t. intima B. Thin t. adventitia, thin t. media, no t. intima C. thin t adventitia, thick t. media, thin t. intima D. Fairly sizable t. adventitia, not much t. media, a thin t. intima and a simple squamous epithelium E. thick to. media, thick t. intima, simple squamous epithelium</p><p>51. Smooth muscle elaborates to form three longitudinal bundles in the muscularis externa of which region of the GI tract? A. Rectum B. Appendix C. Colon D. Esophagus E. Ileum</p><p>- 8 - 52. All are true regarding the renal blood circulation, EXCEPT: A. Interlobar arteries branch off into arcuate arteries B. Interlobular arterioles branch off into afferent arterioles C. Blood flow from the cortex and medulla are completely separate D. Arcuate arteries branch off into interlobular arteries E. Blood leaving efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons branch off into peritubular capillaries, which supply the renel cortex</p><p>53. In which region would you expect to see skeletal muscle bundles running in many planes and directions? A. Tongue B. Fallopian tube C. Lip D. Eyelid E. Stomach</p><p>54. Which of the following is CORRECT? A. In the normal human liver, dense fibrous bands connect the portal tracts. B. Ito cells are found in the space of Disse. C. Kupffer cells are the source of bile in the liver. D. The blood flow in the liver is towards the portal vein. E. Bile canaliculi are lined by cuboidal epithelium.</p><p>55. Ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder merge and enter the papilla of Vader. Where is this located? A. Duodenum B. Jejunum C. Colon D. Rectum E. Gastric stomach</p><p>56. The length of a sarcomere in striated skeletal muscle is approximately? A. 50pm B. 2pm C. 10pm D. 5pm E. 100 um</p><p>57. A 10-year-old boy is found to have thrombocytopenia (a decreased number of platelets in his peripheral blood) about a week after a viral infection. Which of the following problems is he most likely to have related to the thrombocytopenia? A. Decreased ability to deliver oxygen to tissues B. Decreased resistance to bacterial infection C. Decreased ability to control bleeding D. Decreased levels of antibodies E. Decreased levels of basic major protein</p><p>- 9 - 58. If a bone marrow biopsy were to be performed as part of this patient's work up for thrombocytopenia, which of the following cells types would be of particular interest? A. Macrophages B. Megakaryocytes C. Pronormoblasts D. Hemosiderin laden macrophages E. Myeloblasts</p><p>59. With a viral infection, this patient would be most likely to have which of the following findings in his peripheral blood? A. Increased number of neutrophils B. Decreased number of neutrophils C. Increased number of lymphocytes D. Decreased number of lymphocytes E. Increased number of eosinophils</p><p>60. Three weeks after the viral infection, the patient is found to have an increase in antibodies in his blood. Which of the following cell types is responsible for the production of these antibodies? A. Neutrophils B. Plasma cells C. Platelets D. Monocyte"s E. Basophils</p><p>- 10 - HISTOLOGY FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM</p><p>1. This light micrograph of the glomerus shows: A. Renal cortex and inner medulla B. Renal cortex and inter stripe C. Renal cortex and outer stripe D. Renal cortex only E. Inner medulla only</p><p>2. Each of the following is true of this area, EXCEPT: A. It is composed of loose connective tissue. B. Type I collagen is present. C. Meissner's plexus is found here. D. Lymphocytes are present in large numbers. E. It is designed for flexibility.</p><p>3. Thick skin, as seen here, may have all of the following features EXCEPT: A. Stratum lucidum B. Hair Follicles C. Thick epidermis D. Eccrine glands E. Papillary dermis</p><p>4. Actin is anchored at this line in the muscle fiber by which of the following? A. Troponin B. Tropomyosin C. Actinin D. Fillagrin E. Type VII Collagen</p><p>5. At this region, the axons from the neural retina are passing through which specialization of the sclera to form the optic nerve? A. ora serata B. Schlemm's trabeculae C. Corneal stroma D. Ganglion cell layer E. lamina cribrosa</p><p>6. Which of the following statements concerning this structure is correct? A. Blood flow is away from this structure towards the portal tracts. B. The canals of Hering are adjacent to this structure. C. This structure empties into the hepatic vein. D. Bile flow is towards this structure where the bile is then drained. E. Nerves usually run in close proximity to this structure.</p><p>- 11 - 7. This electron micrograph is a representation of: A. Mesangial matrix and cells B. Glomerular filtration barrier C. Basement membrane and visceral epithelial cells only D. Basement membrane and endothelial cells only E. Bowman's capsule and parietal epithelial cells</p><p>8. This structure: A. Develops from the second pharyngeal pouch B. Grows up from the roof of the mouth - C. Arises from Rathke's pouch D. Grows down from the diencephalon E. Comprises half of the pituitary</p><p>9. The round objects indicated by the arrow are: A. Capillaries in a ganglion B. Unilocular fat C. Satellite cells in the PNS D. Capillaries in peripheral nerve E. Capillaries in smooth muscle bundle</p><p>10. The primary function of this tissue is best described as: A. Immune surveillance. B. Maintenance of calcium concentrations. C. Humidification of incoming air. D. Production of estrogen. E. Digestion of food.</p><p>11. Choose the correct answer: A. This tissue is found in highest concentration in the newborn B. This tissue lacks a blood supply C. This is a site of energy storage D. Heat production occurs here E. Osteoprogenitor cells give rise to this tissue</p><p>12. In a normal adult tooth the material in this location would NOT contain: A. Odontoblasts B. Fibroblasts C. Collagen D. Nerves E. Ameloblasts</p><p>13. What is this structure called? A. Lunula B. Matrix C. Hyponychium D. Nail bed E. Root</p><p>- 12 - 14. The esosinophic structures indicated by the arrow consist of what material? A. Minute Type I collagen B. Clara cells C. Pulmonary surfactant D. Smooth muscle E. Wisps of elastin</p><p>15. The small dark structures indicated by the arrow: A. are motile B. are under the influence of androgen binding protein C. are Type A spermatogonia D. possess a haploid number of chromosomes E. move next to the rete testis</p><p>16. The structure shown: A. Is a remnant of the Wolfian duct B. Is a remnant of the mesonephric duct C. Is formed by squamous re-epithelialization D. Is termed adenomyosis E. Is an occluded vaginal gland</p><p>17. Which is NOT true concerning these cells surrounding this vessel A. They synthesize and secrete catecholamines B. They can be considered as modified neural cells C. Have preganglionic innervation D. They can be referred to as Chromaff in cells E. They contain large amounts of lipid</p><p>18. This structure: A. Is derived from the mother B. Is rich in lymphatics C. Usually contains cytotrophoblastic cells D. Is the innermost lining of the embryonic cavity E. Fuses with the decidua basalis</p><p>19. Which part of the nephron is being indicated by the arrow? A. proximal tubule B. medullary collecting duct C. vasa recta D. descending think limb E. cortical collecting duct</p><p>- 13 - 20. Dr. VanWinkle runs to Dr. Heck saying he can't tell what this tissue is because the label is missing. As a result: A. Dr. Hartwell bides with "Pineal, of course" B. Dr. Diane Bick scolds "Pineal obviously" C. Dr. Roger Bick moans "Pineal stupid" D. Dr. Uthman nicely replies "Simply pineal" E. Dean Buja forms 3 committees all of whom, after conferring for 3 weeks, come to the conclusion that "It is positively compact bone".</p><p>- 14 - HISTOLOGY 2002 FINAL EXAM</p><p>1 A 21 A 41 D 2 B 22 E 42 A 3 D 23 A 43 A 4 A 24 C 44 C 5 A 25 E 45 D 6 D 26 A 46 B 7 E 27 B 47 D 8 C 28 D 48 A 9 A 29 C 49 C 10 B 30 E 50 D 11 E 31 D 51 C 12 D 32 B 52 E 13 C 33 E 53 A 14 D 34 B 54 B 15 E 35 E 55 A 16 A 36 B 56 B 17 E 37 A 57 C 18 D 38 A 58 B 19 A 39 C 59 C 20 C 40 D 60 B</p><p>FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM 1 C 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 E 6 C 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 A 11 C 12 E 13 D 14 D 15 D 16 C 17 E 18 D 19 E 20 A</p><p>- 15 -</p>