CA M B R I D G E UNIVE RSITY P RES S onhon FE ER LA NE E. C . Zfli : TT , 4 R C. CLA Y , M A NA G E m N ND L D o ba Qlalwtm an b M MI L LA A CO . T ‘ fi p, , fi ahm s : A C . < tific t : . M NT S N LT D . ran o J . D E O S , filokyo : M A R UZ E N - K A BUS H I KI - KA I S H A k qa ek KIRKC UD BRIG HT SHI RE A ND WIG T OWN SHIRE by WILLIA M kBA RM ONTH , G i - - r th o n P ub lic S ch o o l, G a teh o use o f Fleet With Ma s D a ams an d Illust atio n s p , i gr , r CA MBRID G E A T TH E UNI VE RSI T Y P RES S 1 9 2 0 CONTENTS P A G E S hi re O l Coun t a n d . y The rigin of Gal oway , k c d Wi town Kir u bright , g Gen eral Chara cteristics Si z e B d . Shape . oun aries Su rface a n d General Featu res R ivers a n d Lak es Geo logy Natural History Al on g th e Co ast h G a in s a n d o e B ea c es a . R aised . Coast l L ss s Lightho uses Clim ate e—R c c Peopl a e , Diale t , Population Agriculture M ct M e a n d M anufa ures , in s inerals Fish eries a n d d , Shipping Tra e Hi sto ry A n tiquities vi C ONTENTS — Architec ture (a ) Ecc lesiasti cal — Archi tecture (b) Milita ry — Archite cture (c) Dom esti c a n d Municipal Co m m uni catio n s Administration a n d Divisions Roll of Ho nour The Chi ef To wns a n d Vl lla ges ILLUST RAT IONS P A GE Glenlu ce Abbey o r ck o k o P tpatri , l o ing S uth R o ck s near Lo ch Enoch Lo ch Enoch a n d Merric k Head of Loch Troo l The Cree at Ma ch erm o re Ca rlin wa r k o c o g L h , Castle D uglas M d o o c Neldri ck en The ur er H le , L h On e o f B Tro o l the uchan Falls . Glen Lo ch Valley Medallio n o f P a ul Jo nes Facsim ile o f Letter o f Paul Jones d ’ E e The Nee le s y , Douglas Hall R a sca r r el Cave , ’ R o d c o utherf r s Chur h , Anw th B aldo o n The Gateway , Castle R em ains o f Cr uggleton Castle St Medeu ’s Chapel D un sk ey Castle Mull o f Galloway Y Lo ch r a n ews , y Diagram showing R ise a n d Fa ll o f Po pulatio n B elted Galloway Cattle viii ILLUS TRATIONS P A GE Newt on Stewart The Harbour , Stranraer ’ Ma rt r s G W y raves , igtown Mo te of Urr c d o Kirkm a drin e S ulpture St nes , Ca noe a n d Paddle Horned Mask of B ron z e B ro nz e B racelet ’ St Nin ia n s Chapel o m c Wh ith o m o N r an Ar h , Pri ry Dundrennan Abbey Tom b o f the Du chess o f To uraine Glasserto n Church Threave Castle Ca rdon ess Castle Rusco Castle Hills o Lo ch a n h ea d T wer , R o und To wer o f O rch a r dto n Castle Kennedy Lo ch n a w Castle Lo ch in ch Castle Old Place o f Mo chrum o o o k c d The T lb th . Kir u bright Old a n d New M k o Wi to wn ar et Cr sses , g Sir John R o ss B a lsa rro ch Rev . de M D D Alexan r urray , . D a lry ILLUS TRATI ONS ix Lin cluden College Sweetheart A b b ey Go ld Pen ann ula r Orn a men t rea m er rummo re C y , D ea m er an d ea d Cr y , S h A n c n cu d o n Wh o n ie t S lpture St es , ith r Diagra ms Orograph ica l Ma p o f Kirk cudbrightshire a n d Wigtown shire F r on t Cover Geological Ma p of Kirk cudbrightsh ire a n d Wigto wn shi re B ack Cover R ainfall Map of Sco tla nd Ma p of Do wa lton Loc h T h e us ra o n n 0 1 2 s o . 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 6 2 ill t ti p p , , 7 , , 5 , , 7 , 35 , 45 , 47 , 5 , 5 , 5 , 60 6 8 1 0 6 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 54, , 4 , 7 , 9 5 , , 7 , 9 , , , 3 , 4 , , 9 , 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 8 1 0 1 1 1 6 a re re ro duced fro m h o to , , , , p p , 3 33 , 3 4 , 4 , 4 R v o 6 6 8 1 1 0 1 1 6 fr o m h b th e e H D ck h se o n . ra s . C . g p y i ; t p p , 5 , 4 , 9 , 3 , h o o a h s su li ed b M essrs a en n e 8: S o n Ltd h a o n . 15 p t gr p pp y V l ti , t t p 5 re r duced b k in d ermissm n o f l e Cour z er a n d Her a ld D um f ies p o y p , r ; h o se o n Fr aser Es . t h a o n 1 fro m a nt k in dl su ed b T . t t p . 34 pri y ppli y , q 1 a nd 1 fro m h oto ra h s su ed b T h e Wx to wn sh ire p p . 43 45 p g p ppli y g Crea me m a n ry C o p y . n a n S h i e. Th l . Cou ty d r e Or ig in of Ki k i h Wi G a l lowa y , r cudb r g t , gtown The wo rd shire is of Old English origin and meant o ffice m . , charge , ad inistration The Norman Conquest — introduced the word coun ty through French from the ' comitatus W m m esi Latin , hich in ediaeval docu ents d g Coun t nates the shire . y is the district ruled by a count , ’ comes the king s , the equivalent of the older English a r m m term e l . This syste of local ad inistration entered Scotland as part of the An glo - Norman in fl uen ce that f 1 1 00 strongly a fected our country after the year . G l — G G al oway to day , the rey alloway of literature , com prises the counties of Wigtown and Kirkcudbright . ’ ’ From east to west it extends from the B rig en 0 ’ ” D th e o Glen a a m umfries to Braes pp , or l ost to the Braes , the western boundary of Wigtownshire at this B r G u n . part being , in point of fact , the alloway In a ncient tim es the Province of Galloway is said to have extended also over parts of the adj acent counties . But for hundreds of years the name has been iden tified solely With the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and the Shire of Wigtown . o i in m 1 6 W The r g of these ter s dates back to 3 9, hen Areh ib ald G m D the ri , third Earl of ouglas , received the G C own lordship of alloway , and the whole of the r lands 1 A Q KTRKCUDBR I GHT A ND WIGTOWN l . between the Nith and the Cree . Archiba d appointed d a steward to collect his revenues and a minister justice , a m' l whence the nam e S lew y . In the fol owing year he obtained Wigtownshire b y purchase from the Earl of d Wigtown . This district continued to be a m inistered ’ f by the King s Sheri f, and has been known ever since Celtic S cotlan d as the S h ire. According to Skene in his the word Galloway is formed b y the combination of the Ga ll a n d Ga idh el G two words , a stranger , , the aels . Gallgaidh el was the nam e given to the m ixed Norse and G Man G aels in the Hebrides , , Kintyre and alloway . TO the last district the designation cam e latterly to be ’ Gall a zdh restricted .