<p>Name ______Period ____ World History Ch. 18 The French Revolution & Napoleon Section 1: The French Revolution Begins pg. 284 – 288  Background to the Revolution pg. 285 – 286 1. The year 1789 witnessed two far-reaching events: the beginning of a new ______of America & the beginning of the ______. 2. Compared with the American Revolution, the French Revolution was more ______, more ______& far more ______. 3. The ______Estate consisted of the clergy & numbered about 130,000 people. 4. They were exempt from the taille, France’s chief ______. 5. The Second Estate, the ______, included about 350,000 people. 6. Like the clergy, they were exempt from the ______. 7. The Third Estate, or the ______of society, made up the overwhelming majority of the French population. 8. These ______, or aristocratic privileges were obligations that survived from an earlier age. 9. The ______, or middle class, was another part of the Third Estate. 10. The immediate cause of the revolution was the near collapse of government ______. 11. Bad ______in 1787 & 1788 & a slowdown in ______led to food ______, rising ______for food & ______. 12. The queen, ______was especially known for her extravagance.  From Estates-General to National Assembly pg. 286 13. The ______was composed of representatives from the three orders of French society. 14. On June 17, 1789, it called itself a ______& decided to draft a constitution. 15. The deputies then moved to a nearby indoor ______& swore that they would continue to meet until they produced a French constitution. 16. On July 14, a mob of Parisians stormed the ______, an armory & prison in Paris, & dismantled it, brick by brick. 17. Peasant rebellions took place throughout France & became part of the ______, a vast panic that spread quickly through France in the summer of 1789.  The Destruction of the Old Regime pg. 287 - 288 18. On the night of August 4, 1789, the National Assembly voted to abolish the rights of ______, as well as the financial privileges of ______& ______. 19. The Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen granted the basic liberties of “______, ______, ______& resistance to ______.” 20. ______, a woman who wrote plays & pamphlets, refused to accept this exclusion of women from political rights. 21. On October 5, thousands of Parisian ______marched to Versailles. They forced the ______to accept the new decrees. 22. The king & his family became virtual ______in Paris. 23. The National Assembly ______& ______the lands of the church. 24. Both bishops & priests were to be ______by the people & ______by the state. 25. ______attempted to flee France in June 1791. 26. The Legislative Assembly declared war on ______in the Spring of 1792. 27. Members of the ______took the king captive & forced the Legislative Assembly to suspend the monarchy & call for a National Convention. 28. Many of its members proudly called themselves the ______, ordinary patriots without fine cloths. Section 2: Radical Revolution & Reaction pg. 289 – 293  The Move to Radicalism pg. 290 29. Led by the newly appointed minister of justice, ______, the sans-culottes sought revenge on those who had aided the king & resisted the popular will. 30. ______, who published a radical journal called Friend of the People. 31. The National Convention’s first major step on September 21, was to abolish the ______& establish a ______, the French Republic. 32. They soon, split into ______(dissenting groups) over the fate of the king. 33. ______feared the radical mobs in Paris & leaned toward keeping the king alive. 34. The ______represented the interests of radicals in the city of Paris. 35. On January 21, 1793, the king was ______on the guillotine. 36. An informal coalition of ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, & the ______took up arms against France. 37. A special committee of 12 known as the ______was dominated at first by Georges Danton, then by ______.  The Reign of Terror pg. 291 38. The Committee of Public Safety acted to defend France from ______& ______threats. 39. During the course of the ______, close to 40,000 people were killed. 40. Along with the terror, the Committee of Public Safety took other steps both to control France & to create a new order, called by Robespierre, the ______- a democratic republic composed of good citizens. 41. A law aimed at ______for all was passed by not widely implemented. 42. ______was abolished in France’s colonies. 43. In its attempts to create a new order that reflected its belief in reason, the National Convention pursued a policy of ______. 44. In Paris, the cathedral of ______was designated a “temple of reason”. 45. Another example of dechristianization was the adoption of a new ______. 46. Dechristianization failed to work because France was still overwhelmingly ______.  A Nation in Arms pg. 292 47. The republic’s ______was the largest ever seen in European history. 48. The French revolutionary army was an important step in the creation of modern ______. 49. The National Convention gathered enough votes to condemn him, & ______was guillotined on July 28, 1794.  The Directory pg. 292 – 293 50. The Constitution of 1795 established a national legislative assembly consisting of two chambers: a lower house, known as the ______, & an upper house, the ______. 51. The 750 members of the two legislative bodies were chosen by ______(individuals qualified to vote in an election). 52. The Council of Elders elected five directors to act as the executive committee, or ______. 53. In 1799, a ______, a sudden overthrow of the government, led by the successful & popular general ______, toppled the Directory. Napoleon seized power. Section 3: The Age of Napoleon pg. 294 – 298  The Rise of Napoleon pg. 295 54. ______dominated French & European history from 1799 to 1815. 55. Napoleon was born in 1769 in ______, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. 56. Napoleon’s education in French ______schools led to his commission in 1785 as a lieutenant in the French army. 57. Napoleon won the confidence of his men with his ______, ______, & ability to make quick ______. 58. These qualities, combined with his keen ______, ease with ______& supreme ______in himself, enabled him to ______people & win their firm support. 59. Napoleon was given command of an army in training to invade ______. 60. By 1799, the British had cut off Napoleon’s army in ______. Napoleon abandoned his ______& returned to Paris. 61. With the coup d’etat of 1799, a new government – called the ______- was proclaimed. 62. Although theoretically it was a republic, in fact Napoleon held ______power. 63. In 1804, Napoleon crowned himself ______Napoleon I.  Napoleon’s Domestic Policies pg. 295 – 296 64. In 1801, Napoleon made an agreement with the pope recognizing ______as the religion of a majority of the French people. 65. In return, the pope agreed not to ask for the return of the church ______seized in the revolution. 66. With this agreement, the Catholic Church was not longer an ______of the French government. 67. Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was his ______of the laws. 68. The most important of the codes was the Civil Code, or ______. 69. The code recognized the principle of ______of all citizens before the law, the right of the individual to choose a ______, religious ______& the abolition of ______& ______. 70. ______were now “less equal than men”, they were treated as ______, & their ______was regarded as less reliable than that of men. 71. Napoleon worked hard to develop a ______of capable officials. 72. Promotion, whether in civil or military offices, was to be based NOT on rank or birth but on ______only. 73. Napoleon shut down 60% of France’s 73 ______.  Napoleon’s Empire pg. 296 – 297 74. In 1807, Napoleon’s Grand Army defeated the ______, ______& ______armies. 75. His Grand Empire was composed of three major parts: the ______, ______& ______. 76. Within his empire, Napoleon sought to spread some of the principles of the French Revolution, including ______, ______& ______. 77. The spread of French revolutionary principles was an important factor in the development of ______traditions in these countries.  The European Response pg. 297 – 298 78. Two major reasons for the collapse of Napoleon’s Grand Empire are: the survival of ______& the force of ______. 79. Britain’s survival was due primarily to its ______power. 80. The British navy’s decisive defeat of a combined French-Spanish fleet at ______in 1805 destroyed any thought of an invasion of Britain. 81. The aim of the ______was to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. 82. ______is the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion & national symbols.  The Fall of Napoleon pg. 298 83. The beginning of Napoleon’s downfall came in 1812 with his invasion of ______. 84. The Russian forces refused to give battle & ______for hundreds of miles. 85. As they retreated, they ______their own villages & country side to keep Napoleon’s army from finding ______. 86. When the remaining Grand Army arrived in ______, they found the city ablaze. 87. Less than ______out of the original six hundred thousand managed to arrive back in Poland in January 1813. 88. Napoleon was soon sent into exile on the island of ______, off the coast of Tuscany. 89. The restored monarch ______had little support & ______bored on the island of Elba, slipped back into France. 90. At ______in Belgium on June 18, 1815, Napoleon met a combined British & Prussian army under the ______& suffered a bloody defeat. 91. This time, the victorious allies exiled Napoleon to ______, a small island in the South Atlantic.</p>