<p> INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC 1918-1919 IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST</p><p>Learning more about the Spanish Influenza in the Pacific Northwest will involve using libraries, archives, Internet resources, and media. Researching victims, heroes, scientists, doctors and nurses, and families affected by the pandemic will uncover numerous facts about the impacts of the disease. Looking at the social conditions, hospitals, attitudes and fears of the population as they dealt with this crisis puts the pandemic in a larger context.</p><p>Primary and secondary sources exist for research into the Pandemic influenza of 1918-1919 in this region. This list includes books that will provide an overview, background, and context about the pandemic. Several repositories contain primary documents about the pandemic and these are also listed.</p><p>Iezzoni, Lynette. Influenza 1918: the worst epidemic in American History. New York: TV Books, 1999. (American Experience program). Ieozzoni’s book accompanies the American Experience program. There is also a video of the program located here which can be viewed online at any time.</p><p> http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/schedule_recent.html</p><p>OVERIVEW</p><p>Barry, John M. The Great Influenza: the epic story of the deadliest plague in history. New York: Viking, 2004. From scientists/doctors and politicians. Barry looks at the pandemic from the point of view of the scientists, doctors and politicians who were working to discover the causes, develop a cure or vaccine, and keep civil order in very difficult times. There is considerable American medical history included to help understand the context in which the pandemic was being fought. The extensive bibliography which includes lists of repositories of primary resources (largely medical school libraries and government agencies).</p><p>Beveridge, W.I.B. Influenza: the last great plague. New York: Prodist, 1977. The author puts the pandemic into the context of the era by looking at events such as World War I.</p><p>Crosby, Alfred W. Jr. America’s Forgotten Pandemic: the influenza of 1918. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003.</p><p>Hoehling, A.A. The Great Epidemic. (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1961).</p><p>Kupperberg, Paul. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919. New York: Chelsea House, 2008. Discusses history and new flu threats (avian, SARS) and is written for young adult readers.</p><p>Peters, Stephanie True. The 1918 Influenza Pandemic. New York: Benchmark Books, 2005. This book is written for young adults and comes with a variety of illustrations (photographs, paintings, drawings, cartoons, artifacts).</p><p>PHOTOGRAPHS University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections Division </p><p>Museum of History and Industry </p><p>Seattle Municipal Archives at http://www.seattle.gov/CityArchives/</p><p>MEDICAL ASPECTS OF INFLUENZA</p><p>There were a number of approaches to the science of influenza such as what caused it, how was it spread, why was it so lethal, and how could it be stopped. Much of the scientific research done to answer these questions helped in other fields of medical research. Here are several articles that explore the medical aspects of influenza.</p><p>“Integrating historical, clinical and molecular genetic data in order to explain the origin and virulence of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus.” In Philosophic Transactions of the Royal Society of London Biological Science. Dec 29, 2001. 356 (1416): 1829-39.</p><p>Commentary on fatalities in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic.(Correspondence)(Letter to the editor) Kilbourne, Edwin D., et al. "Commentary on fatalities in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic." Journal of Infectious Diseases 199.6 (2009): 913+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 7 Jan. 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/start.do?prodId=EAIM&userGroupName=spl_main>.</p><p>“Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene. In Journal of Virology. 2004 Nov:78(22):12462-70</p><p>Morens, David M., Jeffery K. Taubenberger, and Anthony S. Fauci. "The persistent legacy of the 1918 Influenza virus." The New England Journal of Medicine 361.2 (2009): 225.</p><p>ONLINE RESOURCES</p><p>Searching the Internet for information on the Pandemic of 1918-1919 will result in a variety of resources including student papers, official government websites, Wikipedia articles, and partial contents from scanned books. Use terms Spanish Influenza, Pandemic 1918-1919, Influenza epidemic for the best results.</p><p>For specific Washington State information on the US Department of Health and Human Services website here: http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/your_state/washington.htm</p><p>National Archives and Records Administration has a webpage that lists primary documents in their collections about the pandemic here: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html The Pacific Alaska Archives, the regional repository for the National Archives has records from the Public Health Service from 1912-1968 available as well as several important original documents that are scanned and on the NARA website above.</p><p>King County Archives www.kingcounty.gov/ holds very few records relating to the influenza pandemic of 1918. From their website:</p><p>Board of County Commissioners' proceedings for October 8, 1918 include a typed transcription of the order, issued jointly by Seattle and King County, closing public places for the duration of the epidemic. King County Coroner's scrapbooks of newspaper accounts of events and issues relating to that office and its functions. These scrapbooks include some stories which mention influenza mortalities during this time. These scrapbooks are arranged by date and can be searched at the Archives facility.</p><p>The Seattle Municipal Archives holds several series of health related records dating from 1918. They include Health Department annual reports and Board of Health meeting minutes. They can be contacted at (206) 233-7807 or at [email protected].</p><p>Health Department reports for Seattle Influenza are in the Seattle Municipal Archives and in the Seattle Public Library in the 1918-19 report, page 16.</p><p>Northwest Index in the Hugh and Jane Ferguson Seattle Room in the Seattle Public Library contains a number of citations to newspaper articles about the pandemic in Seattle. Here are the citations for the 1918-1919 time period:</p><p>“Gives warning against Spanish influenza spread.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Sept 26, 1918, p.7.</p><p>“Seattle Ready to fight spread of influenza. Ban placed on dances.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Oct 5, 1918, p.1/</p><p>“26 die…new cases reported total 224.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Oct 20, 1918, p.14.</p><p>“Mayor puts lid on city business to save lives; doctor accused of stealing from influenza dead.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Oct 31, 1918, p.1.</p><p>“Entire state to don gauze mask.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Nov 4, 1918, p.1.</p><p>“City to unmask by state order.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Nov 12, 1918, p.1.</p><p>“Close hospital in court house.” Seattle Post Intelligencer, Nov 21, 1918, p.18.</p><p>“Flu takes its toll.” Seattle Times, Nov 18, 1984, Pacific Magazine, pp.20-21.</p><p>ORAL HISTORIES, FIRST PERSON ACCOUNTS </p>