<p>Russian Revolution Note Guide Crimean War Recap:</p><p>The Liberalization of Tsarist Russia  1855: Alexander loosens the reigns</p><p> Mir System: Emancipation of 1861- Legal Freedom for Serfs</p><p> o Land:1/2 to Peasants & ½ to Lords</p><p> Ukases in 1864: Reform Legal System, Local Government</p><p> o Replaces ______legal and political systems</p><p> o What type of rule of law in the courts?</p><p> o Zemstvos: What revolt in 1863 slows down reform? o Liberals call for:</p><p>March 13,o 1881: Alexander II approves moderate national DUMA… Russian Revolution Note Guide</p><p>Russo-Japanese War ( - ) Japan wants:</p><p>Russia wants:</p><p>Result: Japan angry because Russians using what they had won in 1895 Lesson for other non-Euros: oust Euros WAR! by using their own tactics. 1904: Japanese naval attack @ Port Arthur Each send armies into Manchuria Battle of Mukden ______Thus, ”______” Tsushima Strait Teddy Roosevelt: American interest leads to Treaty of ______3 consequences: 1. Russia turns attn. Back to Europe, esp. ______2. Russian disgust at ineptitude sparks Rev. of ______3. Solidifies Japan as “great” power</p><p>Background to the Russian Revolution Alexander II: ______of 1861, ______1881 Alexander III: Russification (meanwhile, Russian cultural, European revival: Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Tchaikovsky) Industrially, pre-1914, on par, with ~1850 GB & France.  Importing more than exporting, int’l economy. Increasing ______and ______Though factories employ many employees, allows for better organization of politics and economy.</p><p>Owners: mostly foreign or the tsar (who’s borrowing heavily from Euro) Become “______” (constitutional democrats)</p><p>Otherwise, country mostly agricultural, organized by mir system: Exception: Peasants value ______ownership kulaks Pay redemption until 1906 Paying high ______(tsar’s borrowing from Europe) + Export of food = ______March 13, 1881: Alexander II approves moderate national DUMA… March“land hunger”:13, 1881: need Alexander for more II land approves to pay themoderate above national DUMA… Revolutionary Parties 1. ______: cultural legacy of revolt Want more land and feel deserve it. Class tension with gentry and legacy of revolution 2. ______Began with Decembrists Revolt, 1825 Emphasis on perfection of doctrine Are peasants or industrial workers the proletariat? Must Russia go through capitalism before socialism?</p><p>INTELLIGENSIA - Two types: A.Populist .Faith in power of the ______.Believe can skip capitalism by strengthening ______Russian Revolution Note Guide .Feel peasants are too ______.Revolution : .Must develop capitalism first! B. Social Democrats .Suspicious: .Populists Axelrod and Plekhanov, and eventually .To others: academic, conditional, too far in future ______, who converted to Marxism in exile 1903: Congresses in Brussels and London: Bolshevik Menshevik Lenin: `-small rev. elite with centralized party -large, open party -central committee decides party line -democratic platform making Denounces any changes to ______-Strengthen party with purges -compromise within party and with Combines Marxist politics and Russian other parties revolutionary tradition</p><p>Believed:</p><p>Revolution of 1905</p><p>▸ After 1900: Bloody Sunday:</p><p> Describe Nicholas II:</p><p>Reaction: ▸ Unrest among the Peasants:</p><p> Who is Father Gapon?</p><p>▸ Aug. 1905: Nicholas II calls : ▸ Oct. 1905: St. Petersburg Soviet general strike stops all work ▸ Oct. 1905: Nicky issues October Manifesto ◦ Promises ______◦ Intended to divide: liberals like this, peasants/workers know is a ploy ◦ Strikes continue; military mutinies ▸ Nicky recovers… ______</p><p>▸ Results of 1905:</p><p>What about the Dumas?</p><p>Stolypin Reforms: ______: 1906-1911 Wants to give reforms and encourage individual ownership - Peasants allowed to sell share in mir, no more redemption payments. Zemstvos: increased power Reaction: Liberals: ______Conservatives: ______Stolypin; too western Marxists: ______believe will quiet peasants What happens to Stolypin? Russian Revolution Note Guide</p><p>Summarize the WWI Situation… Why did the 1905 Revolution Fail?</p><p>The Two Revolutions of 1917</p><p>▸ 9/1915: ▸ Zemstovs demand Duma: Reconvene 11/16 and complain of war, inept government ▸ 12/16/1916: ______▸ All considering coup d’etat </p><p>▸ 3/8/1917: ______. Troops refuse to fire ▸ Middle class leaders demand new ministry ▸ Nicholas disbands ______</p><p>March… ▸ March 14: Duma committee forms ______▸ Demand ______and the troops force (under pressure from Petrograd Soviet) ▸ March 17: Nicholas II abdicates, Russia becomes a republic</p><p>Provisional Government: Russian Revolution Note Guide ▸ Promise elections to a Constituent Assembly to write a constitution ▸ Continue war, and badly. Petrograd Soviet demands end ▸ Effects:</p><p>1917 Continued: ▸ July 1917: ______Who is blamed? ▸ Lvov replaced with Kerensky for popular support ▸ General Kornilov sends cavalry to “restore order”. All blame Kerensky for allowing. How did Lenin impose Communist Control in Russia between 1917-1924?</p><p>“PEACE, LAND, BREAD!” ▸ Lenin sets aside dogma to appeal to masses 1. ______Bolsheviks win majority in the Petrograd Soviet 2. ______3. ______4. ______</p><p>“All Power to the Soviets!” ▸ Kerensky: calls pre-parliament. Bolsheviks boycott, call all-______Congress of Soviets ▸ Night of Nov. 6-7, 1917: Bolsheviks take ______at Kerensky (Winter Palace)</p><p>October (aka November) Revolution: ▸ Congress of Soviets announces end to ______▸ Replaced with Council of People’s Commissars: ▸ 2 resolutions: 1 2</p><p>Gaining a Dictatorship of the Proletariat ▸ Jan. 1918 Constituent Assembly meets</p><p>▸ March 1918: Bolsheviks renamed ______</p><p>Communist Party: ▸ 3/3/1918: Treaty of ______. ▸ Everyone else, with aid from West, formed civil war against all anti-Lenin activity ▸ Counterrevolutionary Political police: ______Established 12/1917 ▸ “War communism”: </p><p>Describe the Civil War: Russian Revolution Note Guide</p><p>Red Terror: ▸ Russian “Reign of Terror” ▸ Objective: ▸ Results: USSR & Stalin USSR stands for ______established ______. Description:</p><p>The State: The Party: =</p><p>Lenin’s New Economic Policy (______): Lenin ▸ ______+ ______+ ______= famine dies in ▸ Lenin: ______happened too fast. Need to compromise with capitalism 1924 ▸ NEP: ______▸ Allow trade for profit between peasants and workers ▸ Restores production to 1913 levels by 1928. Trotsky Lenin</p><p>Who was successful?</p><p>Why?</p>