<p> Year 7 Science</p><p>Student Resources– Book A</p><p>Third Rock From the Sun</p><p>Source: http://www.rain.org/campinternet/astronomy/img/solar_system.jpg</p><p>Semester 2, Topic 1</p><p>1 The Earth’s movement in space</p><p>Complete the following questions.</p><p>1. Where on Earth is day and night usually the same length? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>2. In which direction do the stars appear to move compared to the </p><p>Earth? (Hint: The Sun is a star) ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>3. Which is longer, day or night, for the area marked below?</p><p>4. What is the scientific name for the path of a planet around the sun? ______</p><p>______</p><p>2 5. What season is it in the northern hemisphere when it is winter in </p><p>Melbourne? ______</p><p>______</p><p>6. How many days:</p><p> a) are in a ‘normal’ Earth calendar year? ______</p><p> b) are in a leap year? ______</p><p> c) does it actually take for the earth to travel once around the </p><p>Sun? ______</p><p>7. Use a diagram to explain what a hemisphere is.</p><p>8. Why is it hot at the equator all year around? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>9. Use the diagram to predict what seasons occur in the northern </p><p> hemisphere:</p><p> a) 21 June</p><p> b) 21 December</p><p> c) 21 March</p><p> d) 21 September</p><p>3 10. Explain why Adelaide is half an hour ‘behind’ Melbourne, Sydney and </p><p>Brisbane, and why Perth is two hours behind. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>11. If the Earth’s axis was not tilted, would there be:</p><p> a) seasons? ______</p><p> b) day and night? ______</p><p>12. What would be the effect on the seasons if the Earth was more </p><p> tilted? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>13. Where on Earth would it be dark for an extended amount of time </p><p>(more than 24 hours)? Why? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>4 ______</p><p>______</p><p>14. Predict the seasons in Australia if </p><p> a) the days are a lot shorter than they nights </p><p>______</p><p> b) sunlight is more concentrated on us ______</p><p> c) the northern hemisphere is experiencing winter </p><p>______</p><p>15. How many times does the Earth spin on itself in:</p><p> a) one day? ______</p><p> b) one year? ______The Moon</p><p>Complete the following questions.</p><p>1. Who were the first humans to walk on the Moon and when</p><p> did they do it? </p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>5 2. Why does the Moon have a black sky? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>3. Lunar astronauts can jump higher than on Earth. Why? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>4. Why does the Earth only see one side of the Moon? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>5. Who first used a telescope to view the Moon? ______</p><p>______</p><p>Name the two main types of lunar landscapes. Give a description of each one. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>6. Where may water exist on the Moon?</p><p>6 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>7. What caused the Moon’s:</p><p> a. maria?</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p> b. highlands? </p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>8. Draw a diagram showing where the Moon is located in relation to the </p><p>Sun and Earth when a quarter Moon is showing.</p><p>9. What force of attraction from the Moon caused tides on Earth?</p><p>7 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>10. How would tides be affected if the Moon was:</p><p> a. larger? ______</p><p> b. further from the Earth?</p><p>______</p><p>The Sun</p><p>Complete the following questions.</p><p>1. Name our nearest star ______</p><p>2. Identify two types of energy provided by the Sun ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>3. Name a harmful type of radiation from the Sun. What stops most of it</p><p> reaching the Earth? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>4. What do Astronomers call the Sun? ______</p><p>5. Draw a diagram showing the view from Earth during:</p><p>8 a. a partial solar eclipse</p><p> b. an annular solar eclipse</p><p>6. Does everyone on Earth see a solar eclipse when it happens? Explain. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>7. Suggest why there would be no oil, coal or gas deposits inside the </p><p>Earth if there was no Sun. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>8. What would happen if the Sun lost its gravitational pull on Earth? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>9 The Solar System</p><p>Using the text book or other resources complete the following questions. </p><p>1. What are the terrestrial planets and why are they named this?</p><p>10 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>Mercury </p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon?</p><p>11 What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Venus</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Earth</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its </p><p>12 surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Mars</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Jupiter</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>13 Sun? Saturn</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Uranus</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun?</p><p>14 Neptune</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun? Pluto</p><p>List three special features: Does it have a </p><p>Moon? What is its temperature? What is its surface like? How long does it take to orbit the </p><p>Sun?</p><p>15 Navigating the Night Sky</p><p>Complete the following questions.</p><p>1. How many stars can you see with:</p><p> a. the naked eye? ______</p><p> b. binoculars? ______</p><p> c. a small telescope? ______</p><p>16 2. How many stars can you see during the day? ______</p><p>3. Name our closest two stars. ______</p><p>4. Why are distances in space measured in light years and not </p><p> kilometres? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>5. How far in kilometres is a light year?</p><p>______</p><p>____</p><p>6. In light years, how distant are these objects from the Earth?</p><p> a. Proxima Centauri</p><p> b. the Sun</p><p> c. Dorado</p><p> d. Sombrero</p><p>17 7. What is the celestial sphere? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>8. Why do the stars appear to rotate? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>9. What is used to describe positions on Earth?</p><p>18 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>10. What is RA and DEC and what are they measured in? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>11. What is a constellation? Name two. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>12. What is another name for the Southern Cross?</p><p>______</p><p>____</p><p>19 13. Explain why only twelve constellations make up the Zodiac. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>14. Explain why you are travelling back in time every whenever you look at </p><p> the stars. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>20 15. If the stars that make up the Pleiades ‘died’ today, when would we on </p><p>Earth find out about it? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______Star and Galaxies</p><p>The cycle of stars</p><p>Complete the following questions.</p><p>1. What is the main fuel of stars? </p><p>______</p><p>2. What is nuclear fusion?</p><p>21 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>3. What sort of radiation does the Sun and stars emit? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>4. Name another type of Nuclear reaction and where it was used. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>5. What is a nebula? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>6. Use a diagram to explain how a nebula changes into a star.</p><p>7. Why to stars ‘die’ and at what age does this happen?</p><p>22 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>8. What is a pulsar? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>9. How is a black hole formed?</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>10. Explain two things that might happen to a star close to a black hole. ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>11. Name and draw the main types of galaxies</p><p>23 12. What is the name for:</p><p> a. A galaxy whose centre is very bright? </p><p>______</p><p> b. A galaxy that emits radio waves? ______</p><p>13. Use a diagram to describe our position in the Milky Way galaxy.</p><p>14. What is one of the Indigenous names for the Southern Cross? ______</p><p>______</p><p>15. Why has nobody ever seen a black hole? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>16. Place in order of size:</p><p>Solar system, Local Supercluster, Milky Way, </p><p>Andromeda, Local Group, Earth, Sun, Universe</p><p>24 ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>17. Complete the flow chart showing the life of a star.</p><p>18. New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea and Western Samoa all </p><p> have the Southern Cross on their flags. Why don’t we see it on </p><p> countries from Europe? ______</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>25</p>