<p> Mid Term Topics 2011</p><p>Chapter 1</p><p>Environmental science </p><p>Ecosystem </p><p>Agricultural Middle</p><p>Diverse South</p><p>Dry west</p><p>Industrial Northeast</p><p>Forested West</p><p>Wilderness North</p><p>Wilderness</p><p>The major resources of the Great Lakes and Northeast is:</p><p>Economics factors should be considered when:</p><p>Second growth timber refers to:</p><p>Chapter 2</p><p>Cultural ethics</p><p>Cultural dimorphism</p><p>Cultural relativism</p><p>Ecocentrism</p><p>Environmental anthropocentrism </p><p>Environmental justice </p><p>Ethics Industries pollution</p><p>Resource exploitation</p><p>World food production</p><p>Chapter 3</p><p>Demand</p><p>External costs</p><p>Negligible risk</p><p>Probability</p><p>Risk</p><p>Risk assessment</p><p>Risk management</p><p>Risk tolerance</p><p>Supply/demand curve</p><p>Subsidy</p><p>Sustainable development</p><p>Activities is associated with the greatest approximate lifetime risk of death.</p><p>Pollution cost</p><p>Cost-benefit analysis</p><p>Risk analysis </p><p>Chapter 5</p><p>Abiotic</p><p>Biomass</p><p>Biotic Carbon cycle</p><p>Coevolution.</p><p>Competitive Exclusion Principle</p><p>Commensal organisms </p><p>Community</p><p>Decomposers.</p><p>Denitrifying bacteria Ecology. </p><p>Ectoparasite</p><p>Endoparasite</p><p>Evolution. </p><p>Extinction </p><p>Food chains </p><p>Food web </p><p>Genetic variation </p><p>Habitat</p><p>Herbivore</p><p>Interspecific competition</p><p>Intraspecific competition</p><p>Limiting factor</p><p>Mutualistic relationship </p><p>Mutualism. </p><p>Natural selection Niche </p><p>Nitrogen-fixing bacteria</p><p>Nitrogen cycle</p><p>Omnivore</p><p>Primary Consumer</p><p>Producer</p><p>Scavenger</p><p>Secondary consumer</p><p>Species.</p><p>Symbiotic relationships </p><p>Trophic levels </p><p>Use of fertilizers and nutrient cycles </p><p>Chapter 6 </p><p>Succession </p><p>Steps to primary succession on land</p><p>Steps to primary succession from pond to wet meadow</p><p>Secondary succession on land</p><p>Desert, grassland, savanna, chaparral, tropical dry forrest, tropical rain forest, temperate deciduous, taiga and tundra.</p><p>Pelagic</p><p>Benthic </p><p>Estuary Chapters 7 and 8</p><p>Age distribution</p><p>AIDS </p><p>Carrying capacity</p><p>China and India </p><p>Countries with low population growth </p><p>Current (2004) human population </p><p>Demography</p><p>Dispersal</p><p>Ecological footprint </p><p>Ecological impact </p><p>Emigration</p><p>Expected population (2060) </p><p>Exponential growth.</p><p>Factors that cause population growth </p><p>Family planning </p><p>Five factors that appear to interrelate poverty, poor healthy and lack of education with high birth rate.</p><p>Immigration</p><p>India </p><p>Lag phase.</p><p>Limiting factors One child campaign</p><p>Poorer countries and population </p><p>Population density/ estimation</p><p>Population growth </p><p>Replacement fertility </p><p>Sterilization</p><p>Total fertility rate </p><p>Zero population growth</p><p>History of Energy consumption (9) </p><p>The controlled use of fire was the first use of energy in a form other than what source?</p><p>The hunter gatherer society used what forms of energy? </p><p>What forms of energy are required for animal power?</p><p>What caused the shift from using wood as a source of fuel to coal? </p><p>How was oil used during the first 60 years of production? </p><p>What energy source was required in order for a nation to participate in the Industrial Revolution? </p><p>Which country has the highest per capita energy use for transportation? </p><p>Prepare the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present for the following: coal, gas, wood and oil.</p><p>What is OPEC?</p><p>Compare and contrast energy sources used for cooking in modern America and Africa. Chapter 10:</p><p>Coal Oil Gas Hydroelectric Wind Geothermal Biomass Solar Nuclear Tidal</p><p>What is it? Where would you find it? For instance hydroelectric is probable not located in a desert area. How is it made? For instance coal has at least three ways of being mined. What percentage of world uses it? What percentage of US uses it? What are the risks? To people To environment What are the benefits? To people To environment Is it renewable? What is the predicted future impact of this source by 2030?</p>