<p> MS Studies Chapter 3 The Road To Statehood</p><p>Early Native American Periods • ______(10,000 B.C. – 8,000 B.C.) – existed during Ice Age – Natives crossed Land Bridge between Russia & Alaska following food • ______(8,000 B.C. – 500 B.C.) – Climate warmed. Large animals died – Natives became less nomadic, hunted smaller game • ______– (500 B.C. – 1,000 A.D.) – Highly organized societies – Were ______. Mounds were built over tombs – Were farmers, depended less on hunting. – Settled along rivers and streams – Settlements were very large • ______(1,000 A.D. – 1,600 A.D.) – Built Mounds for burial, homes for leaders, and religious reasons – The ______Mound (Natchez, MS) is the largest mound in Mississippi. – Settlements were near rivers and streams</p><p>Native American Societies • Large tribes were ______, ______, & ______• Many smaller tribes existed (Choula, Pascagoula, Tunica, Biloxi, etc.) • Most tribes were ______• Each village governed itself, but had representatives on a tribal council • There were several ______in each village – Individuals had to marry outside their clan. Children were members of their ______clan. • ______(multiple wives) was sometimes practiced. Wives were usually sisters </p><p>Native American Societies (Cont.) • Males – ______, cleared land, ______• Females – ______, made ______, gathered food, tanned hides • ______(many gods) • Most gods centered around the ______or earth in some way • Choctaw played ______(stick ball) which was similar to Lacrosse • Choctaw also played ______(threw spears at a rolling stone) • Natchez were more like the Mississippian period Indians – Leader was the “______” – When he died some of his wives were killed as well</p><p>Spanish Arrive</p><p>1 • Spanish explorer ______de ______explored Southeastern MS between ______– ______. Had 600 soldiers • Looking for ______& Silver • Gained supplies & slaves by holding Native American chiefs hostage • Faced many Native American attacks • Crossed ______River in May 1542 • De Soto ______in 1542 • His men ______down the MS River to the ______and were pursued by Natives the entire trip. • Spanish ______return, but their trip was devastating. – This expedition introduced ______to North American Natives. – It is estimated that at least ____% of Natives in North America died from disease during this time period.</p><p>French • ______settled ______in 1608 • 1673 ______& ______explored MS River • 1682 _____ Robert ______, Sieur de ______& ______de ______sailed down MS River to the Gulf & claim the MS River Valley for France. • Named this new land ______(King Louis & Queen Anna)</p><p>European Settlements in North America • ______– Florida, Mexico, Caribbean & Central America • ______– East coast of present day U.S. • ______– Canada • All three were rivals and fighting to secure lands & Native support</p><p>French Settlement • French wanted to control ______of U.S. • 1699 ______le ______, Sieur ______is sent to Gulf Coast to create colony • Landed at ______Island and reached mainly on Feb. 13, ______. • Located mouth of MS River and met with the ______Indians • Built Fort ______in present day Ocean Springs Fort ______is the first European settlement in MS. • ______left many times and left his younger brother, Jean-______le Moyne, Sieur ______in charge. • Fort Maurepas is later abandoned and a new settlement is created at the mouth of the MS River at ______in 1718</p><p>2 French Settlement (Cont.) • Bienville constructed Fort ______at Natchez in 1716 to protect French settlers • Natchez prospered • 1729 Natchez governor demanded the Natchez give up some land. The Natchez ______• They attacked the fort, killed ______white settlers, and freed 300 black slaves • ______& ______destroyed the Natchez. Remaining Natchez fled to live with the Chickasaw.</p><p>Native Americans & Europeans • Native American tribes were ______• ______fought for Native American Allies with trade goods • ______won the allegiance of the ______• ______- won allegiance of ______, ______, & Creek • ______& ______War (1754-1763) was fought between ______& ______in the present day U.S. • French lost the war and the ______of ______was signed. • French gave up all lands ______of the MS River (except for ______) to Great Britain.</p><p>British MS • After Treaty of Paris MS became part of West Florida • Area was ______& ______• British encouraged settlement in ______• Land Grants were given in the Natchez District • ______settlers populated the area • ______American Revolution began • Natchez & other portions of West Florida were captured by the ______in Sept. 1779. • Treat of Paris ______ended Amer. Rev. and made the southern boundary of the U.S. ______° • Spanish still controlled ______, but U.S. owned it.</p><p>Spanish MS • Natchez thrived under ______rule • Fertile land allowed tobacco, indigo, and cotton to grow well • By ______cotton was the largest export of Natchez • ______and ______quarreled over access to the MS River (N.O. owned by Spain)</p><p>3 • ______Treat, officially the Treaty of ______de Real, was signed saying the U.S. could use the port of New Orleans and Spain would give up control of Natchez</p><p>MS Territory • MS became a ______of the U.S. in ______• Mostly Native American and forested • ______was only major road • ______of 1787 established the Territorial Government in MS – MS given a ______, ___ Judges, and Sec. Governor – Pop. Reaches ______free men an assembly is created to make laws – Pop. Reaches ______free men the territory creates a constitution and petitions for statehood • ______was first governor. He was viewed as mean and strict. He was a Federalist, and many Mississippians were Jeffersonian Democrats</p><p>Land Problems • Most MS land was owned by ______& ______. • U.S. pressured them to give up land claims • Settlers faced many problems b/c ______, French, ______, & ______had granted land claims and many overlapped • Land Ordinance of ______divided government land into townships. – 6 square miles, _____ sections (1 square mile each), ______acres per section – ______th section set aside for public education</p><p>Territory Grows • Territory became sectionalized. • West Mississippians (______) were rich plantation owners and controlled politics. East Mississippians (______) were small farmers and wanted power • ______territory expanded to TN line • ______territory expanded between Pearl River and Florida • Population grew and the territory was ready for statehood</p><p>Statehood • MS Territory was large. Congress divided it in ______. • ______became a new territory (state in ______) • MS wrote a constitution for statehood • ______was given more power than the Executive • Constitution was ______presented to the people, but sent straight to Washington • Dec. 10, ______, Congress approved MS as the ______th state in the Union</p><p>4 • David ______became first governor</p><p>Ch. 4 Politics, Slavery, and Antebellum Society MS Capital • ______was Territorial Capital, b/c it was most substantial settlement • 1802 the Capital was moved to ______• Others wanted a more centrally located capital • In 1821 planners selected ______Bluff on the ______River as a central location • The capital was named ______and the legislature first met there in Dec. 1822 Early MS Politics • Mississippi political views changed by 1832. • Mississippians were ______& championed the Common Man • Constitution of ______reflected changing political views – Judges ______& served terms – Most officials ______– ______in legislature based on population • County Govn’t met needs of people – “______of ______” governed – Levied taxes – Oversaw roads & construction – Oversaw poor, education, businesses, etc. Native American Lands</p><p>• ______occupied most land in MS</p><p>• U.S. Govn’t tried to allow Natives to ______, but many natives did not want to. Some tribes united: – ______united some, but ______prevented the Choctaw from joining</p><p>• Whites wanted Natives moved west of the MS River to free up land. Native American Treaties • Treaties were signed to acquire Native lands. • 1801 Treaty of Fort ______. 1st treaty between U.S. & Choctaw • 1805 Treaty of Mt. ______(U.S. & Choctaw) • 1820 Treaty of ______– land swap, but Choctaw received bad land and didn’t move. • 1830 Treaty of ______Creek. Choctaw ceded all remaining land to U.S. & moved to Oklahoma. • 1832 Treaty of ______Creek. Chickasaw ceded their land to U.S. in land swap deal.</p><p>5 • Natives traveled along the “______” to Oklahoma. Many died along the way. Slavery</p><p>• Slaves arrived in MS with ______in early ______</p><p>• 1724 ______creates “______” or laws to govern slaves – Many of the codes were prohibitive, but many protected slaves – Slavery was not as cruel during this time.</p><p>• Slave population ______under British, Spanish, & U.S. rule Cotton</p><p>• Cotton production increased in MS</p><p>• ______Eli ______creates cotton gin. – Cotton gin separates seeds from cotton</p><p>• 1795 cotton gin is created in ______by a slave named ______</p><p>• Cotton was called “______Cotton” b/c it was the primary cash crop of the South</p><p>• Cotton was perfect for MS. Good soil, long growing season, navigable rivers</p><p>• Rush ______creates “______” cotton which is the strain that grows best here. Slaves & Labor • By 1860 ___% of MS pop. owned slaves – ½ of those owned 5 or less slaves • Most slaves lived on ______w/ large slave populations • Slaves performed many tasks, but mainly cotton production • ______usually controlled slaves • Work day was ______to ______(or later) • Slaves could be ______, but owners usually tried using rewards opposed to punishment • Slaves lived in simple homes with little luxury. Slave Community</p><p>• Slave laws tightened in the 1800’s – ______not people. Families could be separated at any time. – Needed ______to leave plantation – Could not ______to read & write, gather, testify in court, strike a white, </p><p>• Strong family ties were forged among slaves</p><p>• Slaves adopted ______& ______it. – Attended ______w/ owners, but also worshipped on their own. Slave Resistance</p><p>• MS ______had a slave revolt</p><p>• Most resistance was quiet – Slow work, ______, machinery broken, fires started, etc.</p><p>6 • Slaves did ______& were punished upon return.</p><p>• Owners were ______about revolts and sometimes punished slaves for planning revolts. Free Blacks</p><p>• MS had ______blacks.</p><p>• William ______, Barber of ______, was most famous</p><p>• MS attempted to force free blacks out of the state by 1830’s, so they could not start revolts or riots. Antebellum MS • ______– time period in the South just before the Civil War • MS pop. grew b/c of ______land and high ______prices • MS ______was booming • Pres. Jackson withdrew federal money from the National Bank & put it in state “______Banks” • State Banks issued more paper money and loans than the amount of ______(hard currency) that they had. • This led to disaster. Panic of 1837 • ______Circular Act of 1836 said ______land could only be purchased with specie. • Banks ran out of Specie and were forced to close • This caused ______of ______(led to U.S. depression from 1837-1841) • In MS federal govn’t ______on lands, banks closed, cotton prices plummeted, • Property owners lost lands to the state for not paying taxes. • Took ______economy years to recover. Transportation in MS • No paved roads until ______. Road travel was ______and ______• ______carried cotton up and down MS Rivers (most went to New Orleans) • By mid 1800’s ______in MS began expanding and improved land travel – Main (______) lines were laid connecting Vicksburg, Jackson, Meridian & other cities – Later smaller lines joined these major lines and RR travel & trade improved. Education • By ______Counties were funding schools • School year was short (____ months) and operated around harvesting of crops • By ______less than ______of white children went to school • ______were taught • Higher Ed. was available through ______& ______schools • There were no schools for ______before the Civil War</p><p>7 8</p>