<p> HomelessHomeless WomenWomen </p><p>InIn TheThe CityCity ofof Pasadena:Pasadena:</p><p>DataData && IssuesIssues </p><p>______</p><p>Prepared for:</p><p>Pasadena Community Development Commission City of Pasadena/Housing and Development Department Housing and Homeless Network of the Greater Pasadena Area</p><p>______</p><p>______</p><p>February, 1999 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</p><p>This report was a collaboration between the Pasadena Community Development Commission (PCDC) and the Housing and Homeless Network of the Greater Pasadena Area. Several persons helped in the administration of the survey and the preparation of this report. They are:</p><p> Dia Anthony, AIDS Service Center</p><p> Tevis Barnes, City of Pasadena/Department of Housing and Development;</p><p> Frank Clark, Ecumenical Council of the Pasadena Area Churches;</p><p> John Depew, City of Pasadena/Department of Housing and Development</p><p> Eunice Gray, City of Pasadena/Department of Housing and Development;</p><p> Marvin Gross, Union Station Foundation;</p><p> James Heard, Eaton Canyon Foundation;</p><p> Maria Isenberg, Pasadena Senior Center;</p><p> Larry Johnson, Union Station Foundation;</p><p> Desmond Parrington, Institute for Urban Research and Development;</p><p> Ron Stewart, Passageways/Pacific Clinics</p><p> Al Sorkin, Ph.D., Urban Revitalization Development Corporation</p><p>This report was edited by Joseph Colletti, Ph.D., Institute for Urban Research and Development, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue. Pasadena, CA 91103. Copies of this report please may be obtained by contacting him at the above address or by phone at 626.794.3400. A copy of the report may also be obtained by printing it from the following web site - www.pasadenaresearch.com.</p><p>2 I. KEY FINDINGS</p><p>A. TRENDS</p><p>1. There has been a significant increase of homeless women during this current decade. The 1992 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey revealed that women made up 15% of the homeless population. The 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey reveals that women presently make up 34% of the homeless population;</p><p>2. There has been a significant increase of homeless African American women during this current decade. The 1992 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey revealed that African American women consisted of 17% of the African American homeless population; the 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey reveals that African American women how consist of 39% of the African American homeless population representing an increase of more than 100%;</p><p>3. There has been a significant increase of homeless Latina women during this current decade. The 1992 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey revealed that Latinas consisted of 13% of the Latino homeless population; the 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey reveals that Latinas how consist of 27% of the Latino homeless population representing an increase of more than 100%;</p><p>4. If the current trend continues African American homeless women will outnumber African American homeless men. Historically, each ethnic group always had a significant number of more homeless men than women;</p><p>B. RESIDENCY</p><p>5. Homeless women are overwhelmingly United States citizens. One hundred percent (100%) of African American women and White women were born in the United States and approximately 73% of Latinas were born in the United States;</p><p>6. A majority (55.6%) of homeless women first became homeless while living in Pasadena. Nearly two-thirds (62.3%) of African American women first became homeless while living in Pasadena; more than half (53.3%) of Latinas; and 40% of White women;</p><p>7. Two-thirds (67%) of homeless women consider Pasadena as their home city. Approximately 72% of African American women consider Pasadena as their home city; two-thirds (66.7%) of Latinas; and more than half (55%) of White women;</p><p>3 KEY FINDINGS (con't)</p><p>8. Nearly one-third (32.9%) of homeless women were homeless for 30 days or less; 25% of homeless women were homeless more than 1 year;</p><p>INCOME</p><p>9. Only eight percent (8%) of homeless women were employed;</p><p>10. More than three-fourths (78.4%) of homeless women were receiving public assistance. Approximately 85% of African American women were receiving public assistance; more than half (53.3%) of Latinas; and 80% of White women;</p><p>HEALTH</p><p>11. Twenty percent (20.4%) of homeless women have a physical disability that impairs activities such as walking, eating, breathing, reading, etc.;</p><p>12. Nearly four out of five (73.8%) homeless women were in need of dental assistance;</p><p>DRUG USE</p><p>13. Nearly two-thirds (62.5%) of homeless women were currently using, or have used, alcohol and/or drugs;</p><p>EDUCATION</p><p>14. Only 42% of homeless women graduated from high school;</p><p>4 II. Background</p><p>A comparison of the 1992 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey and the 1998-1999 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey reveals a significant shift in the gender make up of the city's homeless population during this current decade. Table 1 states that the percentage of women increased from 15% in 1992 to 34% in 1998.</p><p>Table 1. Comparison by Gender: Source % of Women % of Men % of Total 1992 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey 15 85 100 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey 34 66 100</p><p>Table 2 reveals the changes in ethnicity during this current decade. </p><p>1992 City of Pasadena 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey Homeless Survey African Americans 40% 47% Whites 37% 27% Latinos 13% 19% Native Americans 4% 4% Asian/Pacific Islanders 1% 1% Others 5% 2%</p><p>What is most notable is the increase in the percentage of African Americans and Latinos and the decrease among Whites. African Americans, who already represented the majority of homeless persons in 1992, increased by 7% during the past six years. Latinos also significantly increased (6%) during the same period of time. Native Americans and Asian/Pacific Islanders remained the same. </p><p>Table 3. Comparison of Ethnicity/Gender: 1992 City of Pasadena 1998 City of Pasadena Homeless Survey Homeless Survey African American Women 17% 39% African American Men 83% 61% Total: 100% 100% White Women 21% 26% White Men 79% 74% Total: 100% 100% Latinas 13% 27% Latinos 87% 73% Total: 100% 100%</p><p>5 Table 3 provides information concerning ethnicity and gender by disclosing the breakdowns of the three largest ethnic groups by gender. As previously noted, the percentage of men has decreased while the percentage for women increased. Each group of women did increase during the current decade. The largest increases were among African American women and Latinas. The percentages for each group more than doubled. </p><p>III. Selected Questions:</p><p>The following tables represent the responses from African American, Latina, and White women to selected questions from the survey. These questions are grouped under the following categories: a) geo-history; b) income; and c) health care.</p><p>A. Geo-History</p><p>Table 1. In What Country Where You Born? African American Latina White # % # % # % United States 53 100.0 11 73.3 20 100.0 Other Country 00 0.0 04 26.7 0 0.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>Table 2. In What City Did You First Become Homeless? African American Latina White # % # % # % Pasadena 33 62.3 8 53.3 8 40.0 Other City 20 37.7 7 46.7 12 60.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>Table 3. What City Do You Consider To Be Your Home? African American Latina White # % # % # % Pasadena 38 71.7 10 66.7 11 55.0 Other City 15 28.3 5 33.3 09 45.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>Table 4. How Long Have You Been Homeless? African American Latina White # % # % # % 30 Days Or Less 16 30.2 07 46.7 06 30.0 More Than 30 Days - 6 Months 14 26.4 04 26.6 06 30.0 More Than 6 Months - 1 Year 10 18.8 01 06.7 02 10.0 More Than 1 Year 13 24.6 03 20.0 06 30.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>6 B. Income</p><p>Table 5. Do You Have A Part-Time Or A Full-Time Job? African American Latina White # % # % # % Part-Time 2 3.8 2 1.3 0 0.0 Full-Time 1 1.9 0 0.0 2 10.0 N: 53 15 20</p><p>Table 6. Do You Receive Any Of The Following Monthly Incomes? African Latina White American # % # % # % AFDC/TANF 10 18.7 4 26.6 1 5.0 Social Security - Retirement (age 62+) 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 5.0 Social Security - Disability 2 3.8 0 0.0 4 20.0 General Relief 31 58.4 4 26.6 11 55.0 Unemployment 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 5.0 Veterans Benefits 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 10.0 Food Stamps 26 49.1 7 46.7 8 40.0 Medi-Cal 7 13.2 3 20.0 3 15.0 Medicare/Medicaid 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 10.0 Union Pension 1 1.9 0 0.0 1 5.0 N=53 N=15 N=20</p><p>C. Health Care</p><p>Table 7. Do You Need Dental Care? African American Latina White # % # % # % Yes 37 69.8 14 93.3 14 70.0 No 16 30.2 1 6.7 06 30.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>Table 8. Do You Have A Physical Disability That Impairs Any Activities Such As Walking, Eating, Breathing, Reading, Etc.? African American Latina White # % # % # % Yes 7 13.2 4 26.7 7 35.0 No 46 86.8 11 73.3 13 65.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>7 D. Drug History</p><p>Table 9. Do You Now Use, Or Have You Ever Used, Alcohol And/Or Other Drugs? African American Latina White # % # % # % Yes 34 64.2 10 66.7 11 55.0 No 19 35.8 5 33.3 09 45.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>E. Education</p><p>Table 10. Did You Graduate From High School? African American Latina White # % # % # % Yes 19 35.8 06 40.0 12 60.0 No 34 64.2 09 60.0 08 40.0 Total: 53 100.0 15 100.0 20 100.0</p><p>8</p>