<p> Mendelian Genetics</p><p>This section will deal with the study of inheritance, and the work of Gregor Mendel, who first understood how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. </p><p>A) Web site name: Mendel’s Genetics</p><p>Web URL: http://anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm</p><p>1) Which invention in the 1890s helped scientists to understand sexual reproduction? ______</p><p>2) When did Gregor Mendel publish his results? ______</p><p>3) Explain the 19th century “blending theory” in your own words: ______</p><p>4) What is the name of the male sex structure in flowers? ______</p><p>5) Mendel’s “units” or “factors” of inheritance are now called: ______</p><p>6) What is meant by “homozygous”? ______</p><p>7) Explain Mendel’s “principle of segregation”: ______</p><p>8) When does the segregation of alleles occur? ______</p><p>9) Which principle explains why inheriting a particular eye color has no effect on the likelihood of having 6 fingers on each hand ? ______</p><p>B) Web site name: Mendel Web</p><p>Web URL: http://www.mendelweb.org/MWpeaslee.html</p><p>Read “In the Footsteps of Mendel”</p><p>10) Why did Mendel join a monastery? ______</p><p>11) Why are begonias now planted in Mendel’s garden and not peas? ______</p><p>12) According to Pasteur “Chance favors ______”</p><p>13) What subject, apart from natural history, did Mendel teach at the Technical College (Brno Modern School) ? ______</p><p>14) Mendel donated money to his birthplace. What was the money for? ______</p><p>C) Web site name: Arizona State University</p><p>Web URL: http://askabiologist.asu.edu/punnett-squares</p><p>Read “Solving a genetic mystery”</p><p>15) What was Reginald Punnett’s profession? ______</p><p>16) What are “alleles”? ______</p><p>17) What does “phenotype” refer to?______</p><p>18) In the first example that is shown, which allele does Capital “A” represent? ______</p><p>19) Does the order of the letters in a Punnett square make a difference? ______20) What does “heterozygous” mean? ______</p><p>21) Explain why the yellow pea phenotype is called dominant: ______</p><p>22) In the second generation, why was it strange that some of the offspring had green seeds? ______</p><p>D) Web site name: Science Daily</p><p>Web URL: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140601150924.htm</p><p>23) Apart from humans, what other animal does David Kingsley study? ______</p><p>24) What is the name of the protein that affects hair color? ______</p><p>25) What happens when this genetic change is introduced into laboratory mice? ______</p><p>26) On which human chromosome does this single nucleotide change take place? ______</p><p>27) What does the KITLG gene alter by about 20 percent? ______</p><p>28) Give examples of how the stickleback adapts to changes in its environment: ______</p><p>29) Which human population is particularly associated with blond hair? ______30) Why did Kingsley conclude that the change that causes blond hair is only skin deep? ______</p><p>E) Web site name: Science Nordic</p><p>Web URL: http://sciencenordic.com/edible-vaccines-can-be-grown-everywhere</p><p>One idea to improve vaccines is to take human genes, and add them to the DNA of plants and animals so that these plant cells produce human proteins.</p><p>Read “Edible vaccines can be grown everywhere”</p><p>31) What is the problem with current vaccines, particularly in poor countries? ______</p><p>32) How does a vaccine work? ______</p><p>33) How are vaccines traditionally produced? ______</p><p>34) What happens after scientists splice gene sequences into the genome of a plant? ______</p><p>35) Which main food plants are scientists working on to make edible vaccines? ______</p><p>36) What are the five main diseases that researchers are trying to develop edible vaccines against? ______</p><p>F) Web site name: IFL Science</p><p>Web URL: http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/pig-heart- transplants-humans-could-be-their-way</p><p>Read “Pig heart transplants for humans could be on their way”</p><p>37) What is the biggest problem with transplants using animal organs? ______</p><p>38) Which genes in the pigs were removed (or knocked out)? ______</p><p>39) How long have the hearts survived in the baboons? ______</p><p>40) What problem may be solved by using animal parts? ______</p><p>41) What potential problems can you see with this technique of transplanting organs from other species into humans? ______</p><p>42) If you needed a heart transplant, would you prefer to stay on a mechanical assist device until a human heart was available, or would you accept a pig heart? Explain your answer. ______</p>